February 24, 2024

1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

Empowerment
objective - for
DO ALL
laypeople to have an
PATIENTS
essential
NEED
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their
health management.
 February 24, 2024
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Welcome all!

MUTE yourself but always

Empowerment show your video picture.
objective - for
DO ALL Sign in your name, FB
laypeople to have an account, or email address in
PATIENTS
essential the Chat Box! Include names
NEED of companions attending.
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS Use the Chat Box to ask
AFTER AN questions and make
AFTER AN comments while the PEP TALK
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their is on.

health management. There will be group pictures

at start and end of PEP TALK –
show your face in video.
Reminder after the PEP
Talk:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.

Link is in Chat Box.

Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
Empowerment
objective - for FEEDBACK TO THIS
DO ALL PEP TALK!
laypeople to have an
PATIENTS
essential
NEED Pls. type in your
understanding of USE feedback in the chat
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS box during the open
AFTER AN
AFTER AN forum and before we
OPERATION? adjourn!
OPERATION in their
health management.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
Empowerment TAKING BEFORE WE
objective - for START PEP TALK
DO ALL
laypeople to have an PROPER IN 2
PATIENTS MINUTES!
essential
NEED
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS Pls. turn on your
of PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN video!
AFTER AN Show your face!
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their
health management.
 Empowerment ROJoson PEP Talk
objective - for
DO ALL I have a Patient
laypeople to have an
PATIENTS Empowerment
essential
NEED Program in which I
understanding of USE like to empower the
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS lay people or
AFTER AN
AFTER AN patients to take
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their control in the
health management. management of
their health.
I started the PEP Talk
on May 15, 2021.
There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer depending on
our enthusiasm,
discipline and
perseverance.
 My PEP TALK today is
entitled:
Empowerment DO ALL PATIENTS
objective - for NEED PAINKILLERS
DO ALL
laypeople to have an AFTER AN
PATIENTS
essential OPERATION?
NEED
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their
health management.
 DO ALL Contents Disclaimer:
PATIENTS • What is an operation?
• What are painkillers? ROJoson PEP Talk
NEED • What are the uses of painkillers after an contains ROJoson’s
PAINKILLERS operation? Thoughts,
AFTER AN • Do all patients need painkiller medicines after Perceptions,
OPERATION? an operation? Opinions and
• What governs the prescription of Recommendations
postoperative painkiller medicines by the (TPORs) culled from
physicians? experiences of
• What governs the intake of postoperative ROJoson and other
painkiller medicines by the patients at home? professionals.
• What are the basic information on analgesics?
 pera
DO ALL What is an operation?
PATIENTS
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL What is an operation?
PATIENTS
Operation in this PEP Talk refers to a medical
NEED
operation.
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN “Operation” will used interchangeably with the
OPERATION? word “surgery.”
 DO ALL What is an operation?
PATIENTS
Concept and definition of operation have
NEED
evolved.
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN Before, traditionally, an operation
OPERATION? • is the process of “cutting” open someone's
body in order to repair, replace, or remove a
damaged part.
• uses “instruments.”
• is done by a “surgeon.”
• is done to “treat.”
• Is done in an “operating room.”
 DO ALL What is an operation?
PATIENTS
Concept and definition of operation
NEED Nowadays, an operation may
have evolved. consist of
PAINKILLERS
• no cutting
AFTER AN Before, traditionally, an operation • no instruments; just manual
OPERATION? • is the process of “cutting” open
(hands)
someone's body in order to repair, • all medical specialists doing
replace, or remove a damaged part. interventional procedures
• uses “instruments.” • diagnosis
• is done by a “surgeon.” • outside the operating room
• is done to “treat.”
such as clinics, nursing floors,
• Is done in an “operating room.”
etc.
 DO ALL What is an operation?
PATIENTS
Concept and definition of operation
Thus ….
NEED Nowadays, an operation may
havean evolved.
operation or surgery is a procedureconsistdone on
of a patient’s
PAINKILLERS
body, either manually or with use of • instruments
no cutting and
AFTER AN Before, traditionally,
equipment; with oran operation
without a cut or incision; for diagnosis
• no instruments; just manual
OPERATION? • is the process of “cutting”
or/andopen
treatment. (hands)
It someone's
can be donebody in order qualified
by anybody to repair,to •doall
themedical
procedure, not doing
specialists
replace,
limited to or
theremove a damaged
traditional surgeons.part.
Examples, interventional
interventional procedures
•radiologists,
uses “instruments.”
cardiologists, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists
• diagnosis
•canisdo
done by a “surgeon.”
operative or surgical procedures•and therefore, may be room
outside the operating
• is done to “treat.”loosely called surgeons also.such as clinics, nursing floors,
• Is done in an “operating room.”
etc.
 DO ALL What are painkillers?
PATIENTS
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL What are painkillers?
PATIENTS
Painkillers and pain relievers will be used
NEED
interchangeably. Analgesics is a medical term for
PAINKILLERS painkiller and pain reliever medicines.
AFTER AN
OPERATION? Painkillers and pain relievers consist of the use of
chemical substances (such as drugs and herbs)
and non-use of chemical substances (e.g. warm
and cold compress; exercise; ultrasound;
operative procedure; radiation) to kill or lessen
the pain that is or may be present, such as after
an operative or surgical procedure.
 DO ALL What are the uses of painkillers after an
PATIENTS operation?
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL What are the uses of painkillers after an
The question is:
PATIENTS operation?
NEED With the current
Traditionally, when an operative or surgical
PAINKILLERS concept of an
procedure is performed, the belief is that it is
AFTER AN operation or surgery,
always accompanied by pain after the procedure.
OPERATION?
do all patients need
Thus, traditionally, painkillers or pain relievers
painkillers after an
are prescribed to patients after an operative or
operation?
surgical procedure.
 DO ALL Do all patients need painkiller medicines after an
PATIENTS operation?
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL Do all patients need painkiller medicines after an
PATIENTS operation?
NEED
ANSWER: NOT ALL
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN NOT ALL PATIENTS NEED TO TAKE PAINKILLER
OPERATION? MEDICINES AFTER AN OPERATION.
 DO ALL Do all patients need painkiller medicines after an operation?
PATIENTS
ANSWER: NOT ALL
NEED
PAINKILLERS THERE ARE OPERATIVE PROCEDURES THAT ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH
AFTER AN PAIN.
OPERATION? EXAMPLES:
• THOSE THAT DO NOT INVOLVE A CUT OR INCISION ON THE SKIN.
• THOSE THAT DO NOT INVOLVE A CUT OR INCISION ON THE MUCOSA
OF THE MOUTH, THROAT, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH AND
ANORECTUM. Note: cuts on mucosa of small and large intestines
are usually not associated with pain. Example: GIT ENDOSCOPY –
usually no cut – no pain
 DO ALL Do all patients need painkiller medicines after an NO painkiller medicines
operation? will be needed after a
PATIENTS short-painful procedure
NEED but there is no pain soon
ALL OPERATIVE PROCEDURES THAT ARE after the procedure.
PAINKILLERS ASSOCIATED WITH A CUT ON THE SKIN AND
AFTER AN MUCOSA (ON THE AREAS SPECIFIED ABOVE) Example:
OPERATION? Needle aspiration – pain
during the aspiration.
SHOULD BE ASSUMED TO BE ACCOMPANIED BY A few minutes after the
POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AND aspiration, pain subsided
or became tolerable. NO
PAINKILLER MEDICINES SHOULD BE PRESCRIBED. need for painkiller
medications.
 DO ALL What governs the prescription of postoperative
PATIENTS painkiller medicines by the physicians?
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL What governs the prescription of postoperative
PATIENTS painkiller medicines by the physicians?
NEED
Postoperative painkiller medicines are prescribed Analgesics:
PAINKILLERS by physicians guided by the following: Mild - milder –
AFTER AN • Usual degree of pain after the procedure stronger - strongest
OPERATION? • Pain threshold of the patient
• Whether patient can take oral painkillers or Route: Oral – non-
oral
not
• Effectiveness – risks / side effects – cost – BRCA: most cost-
availability of the painkiller medicines effective possible
 DO ALL What governs the intake of postoperative
PATIENTS painkiller medicines by the patients at home?
NEED
PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
 DO ALL What governs the intake of postoperative painkiller medicines by the
PATIENTS patients at home?
NEED
Communicate with attending physician who did the procedure
PAINKILLERS regarding the following:
AFTER AN • Usual degree of pain after the procedure
OPERATION? • Whether oral painkillers can be taken or not
• Effectiveness – risks / side effects – cost – availability of the
painkiller medicines

Follow advice of physicians but ask all the questions needed for a cost-
effective pain control at home.
 a
DO ALL What governs the intake of postoperative painkiller medicines by the
PATIENTS patients at home?
NEED
What to do at home:
PAINKILLERS • Continuously monitor the degree of pain, by the hour, until pain has
AFTER AN disappeared or at least tolerable, in terms of mild – moderate –
OPERATION? severe or pain score from 0 to 10 (report to physician as advised or
needed).
• With the physician’s help, have two categories of painkiller medicines
at home (one stronger, one milder). May shift to milder analgesics if
pain has decreased but painkiller medicine is still needed based on
self-assessment.
• If pain is mild and tolerable already, discontinue painkiller medicines.
 DO ALL What are the basic information on analgesics?
PATIENTS
Analgesics, also called painkillers or pain
NEED
relievers, are medications that relieve different
PAINKILLERS types of pain.
AFTER AN
OPERATION? Analgesics can be in oral form or non-oral form
(injectable / patch).

Some analgesics can be bought over the counter,

others require a prescription.
 DO ALL What are the basic information on analgesics?
PATIENTS
What are analgesics used for?
NEED
Analgesics are used to relieve pain and inflammation. For example:
PAINKILLERS • After surgery.
AFTER AN • Due to injury, such as a fractured bone.
OPERATION? • For acute (sudden, short-term) pain, such as a twisted ankle
or headache.
• For aches and pains like menstrual cramps or muscle soreness.
• For chronic painful conditions such as arthritis, cancer or back pain.
 DO ALL What are the basic information on analgesics?
PATIENTS
What are the groups or classes of analgesics?
NEED • Paracetamol
PAINKILLERS • Anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs – non-steroidal anti-
AFTER AN inflammatory drugs)
OPERATION? • Opioids

• Paracetamol – not anti-inflammatory, but reduces pain signals to brain

• Anti-inflammatory analgesics – reduce inflammation
• Opioids – change the brain’s perception of pain
*Compound analgesics – combination of several active ingredients
(examples: paracetamol + NSAID; paracetamol + opioid)
 DO ALL What are the basic information on analgesics?
PATIENTS
What are examples of the different classes of
NEED
analgesics?
PAINKILLERS • Paracetamol
AFTER AN • NSAIDs – ibuprofen, naproxen, mefenamic
OPERATION? acid
• Opioids – tramadol, codeine, morphine,
fentanyl
• Compound analgesics – paracetamol + NSAID;
paracetamol + opioid; NSAIDs + opioid)
 DO ALL What are the basic information on analgesics?
PATIENTS
What are the indications for the different classes
NEED
of analgesics?
PAINKILLERS • Paracetamol – first-line (effective for mild-
AFTER AN moderate pain and safest)
OPERATION? • NSAIDs – second-line (effective against mild-
moderate pain and in those with
inflammation)
• Opioids – effective against severe pain
 DO ALL Contents
Summary
PATIENTS • What is an operation?
• What are painkillers? Take Away
NEED • What are the uses of painkillers after an
PAINKILLERS operation?
AFTER AN • Do all patients need painkiller medicines after
OPERATION? an operation?
• What governs the prescription of
postoperative painkiller medicines by the
physicians?
• What governs the intake of postoperative
painkiller medicines by the patients at home?
• What are the basic information on analgesics?
 DO ALL Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
PATIENTS information on USE OF PAINKILLERS AFTER relation to
NEED AN OPERATION. Patient
PAINKILLERS Empowerment
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
AFTER AN
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
OPERATION?
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions /
make better decisions on USE OF
PAINKILLERS AFTER AN OPERATION in your
health management.
 Empowerment
objective - for
DO ALL
laypeople to have an
PATIENTS
essential
NEED
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their
health management.
Reminder after the PEP
Talk:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.

Link is in Chat Box.

Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
Empowerment
objective - for FEEDBACK TO THIS
DO ALL PEP TALK!
laypeople to have an
PATIENTS
essential
NEED Pls. type in your
understanding of USE feedback in the chat
PAINKILLERS
of PAINKILLERS box during the open
AFTER AN
AFTER AN forum and before we
OPERATION? adjourn!
OPERATION in their
health management.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
Empowerment TAKING BEFORE WE
objective - for START Q&A AND
DO ALL
laypeople to have an INTERACTIONS!
PATIENTS
essential
NEED Pls. turn on your
understanding of USE
PAINKILLERS video!
of PAINKILLERS
AFTER AN Show your face!
AFTER AN
OPERATION?
OPERATION in their
health management.