August 5, 2023

1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential
and FLOOD understanding of
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND
FLOOD in their
health management.
 August 5, 2023
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Welcome all!

MUTE yourself but always

Empowerment show your video picture.

objective - for Sign in your name, FB

account, or email address in
laypeople to have an the Chat Box! Include names
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential of companions attending.
and FLOOD understanding of Use the Chat Box to ask
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND questions and make
comments while the PEP TALK
FLOOD in their is on.
health management.
There will be group pictures
at start and end of PEP TALK –
show your face in video.
Reminder after the PEP
Talk:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.

Link is in Chat Box.

Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
Empowerment FEEDBACK TO THIS
objective - for PEP TALK!
laypeople to have an
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential Pls. type in your
and FLOOD understanding of feedback in the chat
box during the open
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND
forum and before we
FLOOD in their adjourn!
health management.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
Empowerment TAKING BEFORE WE
START PEP TALK
objective - for
PROPER IN 2
laypeople to have an MINUTES!
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential
and FLOOD understanding of Pls. turn on your
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND video!
FLOOD in their Show your face!
health management.
 ROJoson PEP Talk
Empowerment
objective - for I have a Patient
laypeople to have an Empowerment
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential Program in which I
and FLOOD understanding of like to empower the
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND lay people or
patients to take
FLOOD in their control in the
health management. management of
their health.
I started the PEP Talk
on May 15, 2021.
There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer depending on
our enthusiasm,
discipline and
perseverance.
 My PEP TALK today is
entitled:

Empowerment LEPTOSPIROSIS
objective - for and
laypeople to have an FLOOD.
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential
and FLOOD understanding of
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND
FLOOD in their
health management.
 Contents
LEPTOSPIROSIS • What is leptospirosis? Disclaimer:
• How does one get leptospirosis?
and FLOOD • What is the connection between leptospirosis ROJoson PEP Talk
and floods? contains ROJoson’s
Thoughts, Perceptions,
• When to suspect leptospirosis? Opinions and
• What are the diagnostic tests for leptospirosis? Recommendations
• How does one avoid leptospirosis? (TPORs) culled from
• How does one avoid leptospirosis during experiences of other
floods? professionals and
ROJoson.
• When to consider prophylaxis against
leptospirosis?
• What is the usual treatment for leptospirosis?
 What is leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 What is leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Overview of the disease
and FLOOD • Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and
animals.
• It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira.
• In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, some of
which may be mistaken for other diseases. Some infected
persons, however, may have no symptoms at all.
• Without treatment, Leptospirosis can lead to kidney damage,
meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and
spinal cord), liver failure, respiratory distress, and even death.
 What is leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging
and FLOOD to the genus Leptospira, and is transmitted directly or indirectly
from animals to humans.

Leptospirosis is a major direct zoonosis (an infectious disease that

can be transmitted from non-human animals).

Human-to-human transmission occurs only very rarely.

 What is leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
What animals are usually infected with leptospira?
and FLOOD
• Rodents
• Cattle
• Pigs
• Horses
• Dogs
• Wild animals

Rats and other rodents are the main carriers of the bacteria. 
 How does one get leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 What does one get leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Contact with
and FLOOD
infected animal urine

and/or

contaminated water, soil or food.

 What does one get leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
The most common ways to get infected
and FLOOD is through urine of infected animals or
contaminated water getting in the eyes, nose,
mouth, or broken skin (such as a cut or scratch).

One can also get infected by eating

contaminated food or drinking contaminated
water.
 What is the connection between leptospirosis
and floods?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 What is the connection between leptospirosis
and floods?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD Flood water may be contaminated with urine of
infected animals either from the contaminated
soil, from sewage, from other surfaces or from
the infected living animals peeing into the water.

Persons wading through the flood that is

potentially contaminated with leptospira are at
risk of getting leptospirosis.
 When to suspect leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 When to suspect leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Leptospirosis should be suspected in any patient
and FLOOD with a history of risk exposure and with flu-like
symptoms. There may be other symptoms on
top of the flu-like symptoms like symptoms of
organ dysfunction on the brain, heart, kidney,
and liver.

Presence of symptoms of organ dysfunctions

connotes severe leptospirosis.

The incubation period ranges from 2 to 30 days.

 Symptoms are non-specific.
(FLU-like symptoms – fever,
headache, myalgia, cough, rashes,
etc.)
When to suspect leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS Differential or possible diagnoses:
Leptospirosis should be suspected in any patient COVID19
and FLOOD with a history of risk exposure and with flu-like FLU
symptoms. There may be other symptoms on DENGUE
top of the flu-like symptoms like symptoms of LEPTOSPIROSIS
organ dysfunction on the brain, heart, kidney, Others
and liver.
BUT SUSPECT LEPTOSPIROSIS if there
Presence of symptoms of organ dysfunctions
is recent risk exposure such as
connotes severe leptospirosis. wading through floods within 2 to 30
days.
The incubation period ranges from 2 to 30 days.
 What are the diagnostic tests for leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 What are the diagnostic tests for leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Molecular tests
and FLOOD • Culture
• PCR

Serologic tests
MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST
It checks your blood serum for leptospirosis
antibodies.

Others
 How does one avoid leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 How does one avoid leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
• To reduce risk, avoid animal urine and contact
and FLOOD with water especially flood which are
potentially contaminated with leptospira.

• Avoid water and foods potentially

contaminated with leptospira.

• Always wear protective equipment if working

with animals.
 How does one avoid leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
For those with pets,
and FLOOD Check for leptospira as much as possible. If
positive, treat by veterinarian.

Other preventive measures:

• Avoid touching your pet’s urine.
• If your pet pees in the house, clean it
immediately.
• Have your pet pee away from bodies of water
or places people will touch, like benches.
• Wash your hands after touching your pet.
 How does one avoid leptospirosis during floods?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 How does one avoid leptospirosis during floods?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
• Avoid wading through floodwaters if one can avoid it.
and FLOOD
• If not, wear waterproof protective clothing, shoes or boots.

• If coming into contact with floodwater, wash the area with soap and
clean water as soon as possible. If soap or water not available, use
alcohol-based wipes or sanitizer.

• If with wounds coming into contact with floodwater, wash with soap
and water very thoroughly. Consider consulting a physicians for
prophylaxis against leptospirosis.
 When to consider prophylaxis against
leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 When to consider prophylaxis against
leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD Prophylaxis against leptospirosis
means decreasing the likelihood of leptospirosis
infection.
 When to consider prophylaxis against leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Consider prophylaxis when there is a significant risk for
and FLOOD leptospirosis infection.

Automatically, there is a risk -

When a body and a body wound are exposed unavoidably to
floodwater that is potentially contaminated with leptospira (and
other germs).

Factors to consider in prophylaxis:

• Duration of exposure and presence of body wounds exposed
• Low, moderate and high risk
 When to consider prophylaxis against leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
DOH classifies the risk as follows:
and FLOOD
LOW-RISK EXPOSURE is defined as those individuals with a single history
of wading in flood or contaminated water without wounds, cuts or open
lesions of the skin.

MODERATE-RISK EXPOSURE is defined as those individuals with a single

history of wading in flood or contaminated water and the presence of
wounds, cuts, or open lesions of the skin, OR accidental ingestion of
contaminated water.
 When to consider prophylaxis against leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
DOH classifies the risk as follows:
and FLOOD
HIGH-RISK EXPOSURE is defined as those individuals with continuous
exposure (those having more than a single exposure or several days such
as those residing in flooded areas, rescuers and relief workers) of wading
in flood or contaminated water with or without wounds, cuts or open
lesions of the skin. Swimming in flooded waters especially in urban areas
infested with domestic/ sewer rats and ingestion of contaminated water
are also considered high risk exposures.
 When to consider prophylaxis against leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
*MODIFIED from San Lazaro Hospital’s Guideline on Prophylaxis for
and FLOOD Leptospirosis 2009

Low risk - Doxycycline 200 mg single dose within 24 to 72 hours from

exposure

Moderate risk - Doxycycline 200 mg once daily for 3-5 days to be started
immediately within 24 to 72 hours from exposure

High risk - Doxycycline 200 mg once weekly until the end of exposure
 When to consider prophylaxis against leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
*MODIFIED from San Lazaro Hospital’s Guideline on Prophylaxis for
and FLOOD Leptospirosis 2009

For pregnant women

• Amoxicillin 500 mg/tab 1 tab BID x 3 days
• If allergic to amoxicillin, may give erythromycin 250 mg BID x 3 days

For children
• Doxycycline 4mg/kg single dose, Max: 200mg
 When to consider prophylaxis against
leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD Take note:

• Most important prophylaxis is to wash body /

body wounds exposed to floodwater as soon
as possible.

• Maintain a good body resistance always

through healthy lifestyle. This may prevent
clinical symptomatic leptospirosis and also
progression to severe leptospirosis.
 What is the usual treatment for leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD
 What is the usual treatment for leptospirosis?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
If the infection is mild, doxycycline is a drug of
and FLOOD choice; alternative options include ampicillin,
amoxicillin, or azithromycin.

If the infection is moderate to severe,

intravenous penicillin G, third-generation
cephalosporins, or erythromycin.

Other treatment – high oral fluid, REST, healthy

diet, healthy mind, moderate exercise and other
meds as needed.
 Contents Summary
LEPTOSPIROSIS • What is leptospirosis? Take Away
• How does one get leptospirosis?
and FLOOD • What is the connection between leptospirosis
and floods? Disclaimer:
• When to suspect leptospirosis?
ROJoson PEP Talk
• What are the diagnostic tests for leptospirosis?
contains ROJoson’s
• How does one avoid leptospirosis? Thoughts, Perceptions,
• How does one avoid leptospirosis during Opinions and
floods? Recommendations
• When to consider prophylaxis against (TPORs) culled from
experiences of other
leptospirosis?
professionals and
• What is the usual treatment for leptospirosis? ROJoson.
 Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
LEPTOSPIROSIS information on LEPTOSPIROSIS and FLOOD. relation to
and FLOOD Patient
Knowledge is power; it gives power. Empowerment
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions /
make better decisions on LEPTOSPIROSIS
and FLOOD in their health management.
 Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential
and FLOOD understanding of
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND
FLOOD in their
health management.
Reminder after the PEP
Talk:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
mastery of learning and
have a perfect score to get
a Certificate.

Link is in Chat Box.

Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:
Empowerment FEEDBACK TO THIS
objective - for PEP TALK!
laypeople to have an
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential Pls. type in your
and FLOOD understanding of feedback in the chat
box during the open
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND
forum and before we
FLOOD in their adjourn!
health management.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
Empowerment TAKING BEFORE WE
START Q&A AND
objective - for
INTERACTIONS!
laypeople to have an
LEPTOSPIROSIS essential Pls. turn on your
and FLOOD understanding of video!
LEPTOSPIROSIS AND Show your face!
FLOOD in their
health management.