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Partial
Vaporization
and Partial Presented By:-

Condensation Shraddha Hire

Akhil kumar
21bch074
21bch075
Ankush Verma 21bph032
Sushant Navi 21bms035
Akash Kumar 21bms032
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LIST OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION

2. VAPORIZATION AND CONDENSATION

3. TYPES OF VAPORIZATION

4. TYPES OF CONDENSATION

5. FACTORS AFFECTING PARTIAL VAPORIZATION AND CONDENSATION

6. EXAMPLES OF PARTIAL VAPORIZATION AND PARTIAL CONDENSATION

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Distillation
Column
Partial Vaporization and
Partial Condensation
Vaporization
It is the process by which a
substance transforms from
its liquid state to a gaseous
Condensation
state, typically occurring at
its boiling point It is the change of the
physical state of matter from
the gas phase into the liquid
phase, leading to the
formation of clouds, dew, and
fog
 Types of Vaporization

1 Complete Vaporization Occurs when a substance is

heated to its boiling point and fully converts into a
gas without leaving any liquid behind.

2 Partial Vaporization Refers to the process in which

only a fraction of the liquid converts into a gas while
the rest remains in its liquid state.
 Types of Condensation

1 Complete Condensation Occurs when a gas is

cooled below its boiling point and fully converts into
a liquid, releasing latent heat in the process.

2 Partial Condensation Refers to the process in which

only a fraction of the gas phase transitions into the
liquid phase while the rest remains in its gaseous
state.
Factors Affecting Partial Vaporization
and Partial Condensation

1 Temperature 2 Pressure 3 Surface Area

Higher temperatures Elevated pressure can A larger surface area
increase the likelihood of suppress vaporization, accelerates
vaporization, while while reduced pressure vaporization, and a
lower temperatures promotes condensation. smaller area aids
facilitate condensation. condensation.
Examples of Partial Vaporization and
Partial Condensation in Real-Life
Situations

Boiling Water Condensation on Windows

Boiling water exemplifies partial Droplets forming on windows from water
vaporization, with the formation of steam as vapor in the air represent partial
liquid water transitions to gas. condensation.
 THE MCCABE-THIELE METHOD

• In this section we describe the McCabe-Thiele method step by step,

however prior to starting several pieces of information are required:

• Vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the feed components.

Feed composition.

• Dew point, boiling point and actual temperature of the feed (If the
feed is sub-cooled or super-heated).

• Target product quality (composition) of the top and bottom products.

Step 1: Establish the Plot

We begin with a basic x-y plot.

On the x-axis is mole fraction of
the lighter component in the
liquid phase. On the y-axis is the
mole fraction of the lighter
component in the vapor phase.

Step 2: Add 45 Degree line

Draw a 45° line tuning from the

origin to the top right corner,
(0,0) to (1,1).
Step 3: Add Equilibrium Data

Plot the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve of

the binary mixture.

Step 4: Choose Product Compositions

Mark the composition of the feed, top and

bottom products on the x-axis. Then plot a
vertical line from each of these points to the
45° line as shown below.
Step 5: Add the Feed Condition Line

.
Step 6: The Rectifying Section

When vapor leaves the top of the column it is cooled

and liquefied. Some of this stream is taken away as the
top product while the rest is returned to the column as
reflux. The reflux liquid travels down the column in the
opposite direction to the rising vapor. The liquid
“swaps” heavy components in the vapor for light
components in the liquid, concentrating the light
component in the vapor.
The rectifying section operating line describes the
amount of liquid sent back down the rectifying section
as reflux. Due to assumptions of the McCabe-Thiele
method, the operating line estimates how much the
composition can change at each tray, increasing reflux
results in bigger steps and thus less trays.
Step 7: The Stripping Section

Similarly to the rectifying section, the operating line of

the stripping section represents the gas travelling back
up the column after leaving the reboiler. This hot gas
vaporises light components in the liquid travelling
down the column in exchange for condensing heavy
components from the gas.
To draw the operating line for the stripping section we
start at the point where the vertical bottom product
line meets the 45° line and draw a line to the point
where the rectifying section operating line mets the
feed condition line as shown below.
Step 8: Stepping Down the Plot

Once the rectifying and stripping section lines are

completed the theoretical trays are drawn on the plot.
Starting from the point where the top product line
meets the 45° a horizontal line is drawn until it
intersects the VLE curve. A vertical line is then drawn
down from this point until it meets one of the two
operating lines. This process is repeated until the last
vertical line falls to the left of the bottom product line.
Step 9: Counting the Trays

The number of theoretical trays can now be

determined by counting the number of times the
horizontal ‘steps’ touch the VLE curve (include the line
that passes the bottoms product line). These trays are
counted starting at the top right and moving to the
bottom left.
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Step 7: The Stripping Section

THANK YOU
Similarly to the rectifying section, the operating line of the stripping section
represents the gas travelling back up the column after leaving the reboiler.
This hot gas vaporises light components in the liquid travelling down the
column in exchange for condensing heavy components from the gas.
To draw the operating line for the stripping section we start at the point
where the vertical bottom product line meets the 45° line and draw a line to
the point where the rectifying section operating line mets the feed condition
line as shown below.