HEAT

ENERGY
TEMPERATURE DEPENDS ON PARTICLE
MOVEMENT!
 All matter is made up of atoms that are moving…even
solid objects have atoms that are vibrating.

 The motion from the atoms gives the object energy.

 THE KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
 All
of the particles that make up matter are constantly in
motion

 Solid= vibrating atoms

 Liquid= flowing atoms
 Gas= move freely
 Plasma=

move incredibly
fast and freely

www.nasa.gov
TEMPERATURE
isa measure of the average kinetic
energy of all particles within an
object.

indicates how warm or cold an

object is with regards to the
standard.
A
thermometer is
a device that
measures
temperature.
HOW DOES A THERMOMETER WORK?
 The thermometer can measure temperature because the
substance of the liquid inside always expands (increases)
or contracts (decreases) by a certain amount due to a
change in temperature.
 THERMAL
EXPANSION
 Allgases, liquids, and most
solids expand when their
temperature increases.
Joints such as
this one are
 Thisis why bridges are built used in
with short segments with bridges to
accommodate
small breaks to allow for
thermal
expansion expansion.
(Reproduced by
permission of
JLM Visuals)
 SCALES
 Fahrenheit is a temperature scale used mostly
in the United States.
 Celsius is the temperature scale used mostly in
other countries and in science. Based on 0 C
being freezing point and 100 C being boiling
point, the difference between those two points is
divided up into 100 equal parts.

 Kelvin scale is the temperature scale used by

scientists, where all of the numbers are positive.
It is based off the idea of absolute zero.
HEAT
isthe transfer of energy from the
particles of one object due to a
temperature difference between the
two objects.
THREE METHODS OF
ENERGY TRANSFER …

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
WHAT IS
CONDUCTION?
Itis the transfer of energy as
heat between particles as
they collide within a
substance or between two
objects in contact.
INVOLVED IN
CONDUCTION

1. Has the direct contact of

objects or atoms.
2. Usually is an energy transfer
between solids
Example:
Leaving a metal spoon in a pot of
soup cooking on the stove.
WHAT IS
CONVECTION?
Itis the transfer of energy
by the movement of fluids
with different temperature.
HOW DOES
CONVECTION MOVE?
It is a result
from the
movement of
hotter fluids
to colder
fluids.
TWO TYPES OF FLUIDS
Gases and
liquids.
CONVECTION
CURRENT.
isthe flow of a fluid due to the
heated expansion followed by
cooling and contraction
Examples:
Glowing embers caught in the
warmed air above a campfire, or the
movement inside the earth for the
plate tectonic movement.
WHAT IS RADIATION?
Radiation is the transfer of
energy by electromagnetic
waves.
Examples:
When you stand by fire, your
skin absorbs the energy radiated
by the fire.
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the There are no particles
Earth? between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT
travel by conduction or
by convection.

RADIATIO
? N
DIFFER FROM
CONDUCTION AND
CONVECTION?
Itdoes not involve or the
movement of matter (or
physical contact between
objects). So it can travel
through a vacuum like space.
HOW IS RADIATION
LIKE CONVECTION?
Radiation is like convection in
that it can travel through fluids.
CONDUCTORS
are materials through which energy
can easily be transferred as heat.
Examples - Some cooking pan,
copper, and silver.
In general metals are better than
nonmetals.
INSULATORS
are materials that are poor
energy conductors.
Examples - Some insulators are
wood, foam, rubber, and
polystyrene