Characteristics of order

Thysanoptera
VANDANA K P
2022 – 41 - 606
 THYSANOPTERA

• Derived from Greek word "thysanos" meaning fringe and "ptera" means
wings ; slender wings that bear a dense fringe of long hairs
• Another name physopoda which means bladder (Physo-) foot (-poda)
• Commonly known as thrips

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 General
They are minute insects ranging from 0.5 - 5mm in size

Refer to fringe of hair on the wings gives the order name

characteristics The wings are held in a folded position over the back when at rest

Mouth parts are asymetrical and fitted for piercing

Mouth parts are rasping and sucking

Mouth cone is formed by the labrum and labium together with basal
segment of maxillae

Stylet are 3 in number,2 maxillae and 1 left mandible(right mandible

absent)

Tarsi are 1- or 2-segmented and terminate in a protrusible –like vesicles .

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.

The body is covered by a sclerotised cuticles and the integument often show
characteristic sculpture pattern

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Head is hypognathous With out visible suture

Varied coloration – ranging from yellow, brown, or black

to translucent

Incomplete Metamorphosis with egg , nymph ,and adult

stages

Nymph resemble adult but are smaller and lack wings

Many species are plant pests , feeding on leaves ,flower or

fruits

Reproduction is by bisexual copulation or by

parthenogensis

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• Head broader behind than front
• Prothorax well developed,clearly
separated from head and mesothorax
• Have long and slender and segmented
Antennae consist of 4 to 9 segment
• Abdomen consists of 10 segment And
a rudimentary 11 th

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 Life cycle is completed with in 1 to
2 weeks
LIFE CYCLE OF
THYSANOPTERA
Reproduction is by bisexual copulation or
by parthenogenesis

Metamorphosis is intermediate between

Simple and complete

Thrips are hemimetabolus

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• Thrips will go dormant in winter
• In the spring they start warming
up, females lay eggs
• Thrips egg hatches with in 3 – 16
days

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 ADULTS

• Antennae having 6-10 segment

• Head narrow anteriorly forming a conical mouth
opening
• Body cylindrical or spindle shaped
• Front and hind wings slender ,rod like ,with a
dense fringe of long hairs. many species are
secondarily wingless
• Tarsi 1-2 segmented

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Immatures
• Structurally similar to adults
• Always wingless
• Range in colors from white to yellow

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 Suborders

Terebrantia Tubulifera

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 TEREBRANTIA
• Ovipositor saw-like
• apex of abdomen conical in female, bluntly
rounded in male, wings usually covered with
microtrichia
• fore wings with at least one longitudinal vein
reaching to apex.
• Most species of this suborder are plant feeders; a
few are predators.

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 Tubulifera
• Female with out ovipositor
• Last abdominal segment in Both sexes are
Mostly tubular
• Wings with out pubescence And venation
• 2 pupal stage is present

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 Suborders
Terebrantia Tubulifera
• Eggs Of Terebrantia are more or less reniform •
Eggs are oval- elongated
• Ovipositor saw - like • Ovipositor reduced or absent
• Laying eggs singly in host tissue Of plant • Eggs laying externally : either singly or In groups on
leaves ,stem, under bark etc.-
• Compound eye ; acone
• Compound eye ; eucone
• Wings carried side by side along the dorsum when at • Wings overlapping along the dorsum when at rest
rest
• Front wings Either without veins or with a short median
• Forewings with at least one longitudinal vein reaching vein not extending to wing tip
apex • Esophagus are short extend up to Mesothorax
• Esophagus are long tube, reaching base of abdomen

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 Aeolothripidae

Merothripidae
Family under
Terebrantia
Heterothripidae

Thripidae

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 Ovipositor curved upward

Forewings broad and rounded at apex, with 2

longitudinal vein

Aeolothripidae antennae 9-segmeted

Sensoria on the 3rd and 4th antennal segments

are long and flat
They are thought to have evolved as
pollen feeders
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 large-legged thrips

thrips are relatively small. Antennae are 8

segmented

The sensoria are round .

Merothripidae
The front and hind femora are thickened.

one common species which occurs under

bark -Merothrips morgani.
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 Antenna 9 or 10 segmented

Short, triangular sense cone

present
Heterothripidae
Subtropical family are Nearctic

Some cause flower spot by

conveying fungus spores

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 6 to 9 segmented antennae

Simple or forked sense cone

It include mainly sap feeding
Thripidae species
ecnomically important

Arranged over 160 genera

Include many injurious form

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 Family under
Tubulifera

Phlaeothripida
e

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 Include over 300 genera

Show diverse habits

Phlaeothripida Maxillary stylet slender

e
Many are fungivores living in tropics

Include Predatory and phytophagous species

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 Discoloration Distortion of
Damages fruit
caused by thrips
Premature Shedding of
drying of leaves ,flower
plant , fruit

Stunting or
dwarfing

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How to get rid of
thrips

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 1. Predatory mites
Natural enemies
used 2. Predatory bugs
3. Lace wings
4. Lady birds
5. Parasitoid wasp

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 REFERENCE
• Entomology for introductory courses – Robert Matheson
• IMMS’ GENERAL Textbook of entomology—O.W Richard & R.G Davi.
• A Tutorial Guide to the Insect Orders (adults)By H. S. Dashefsky, John
G. Stoffolano · 1977
• Insects By George C. McGavin · 2007

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Thank you
By
Vandana k p
2022-41-606