INTRODUCTION TO

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE

CONCEPT OF TECHNOBIOLOGY

By
Heru Nurcahyo
08164226257

Dept. of Biology Education

Faculty of Math and Natural Science
Yogyakarta State University
2015
Sub-pokok Bahasan, dan Konsep-konsep
 Outline

1. Applications of Plant Genetic Engineering

2. Introduction to molecular marker
3. A Bright Future
 Outline
Plant Tissue Culture and Applications
I.
A.Plant Tissue Culture
B.Micro-propagation
1. Somatic Embryos
2. Chemicals from Plants
C.Other Uses of Tissue Culture
1. Protoplast Fusion
2. Somaclonal Variation
3. Germplasm Storage
II. Plant Genetic Engineering
I. Plant Transformation
II.Transgenic Plant
 Evaluation
Evaluation:
Attendance 30 points
Assignment 15 points
Midsemester exam 25 points
Final exam 30 points
--------------------------- --------

Total points 100 points

 Grading system

Grade : 0 – 100

 A > 80
 B – D → 45 – 80 (Normal distribution)
 E < 45

Grade composition
Assignment : 30
Mid-term : 30
Final Exam : 40
 Course Introduction
Keys to success
• Come to Class
• Keep up with the readings
• talk to the professor
If you find you are having difficulty with the materials, DO
NOT WAIT until you have problems with an exam before
coming in for help
Contact
• email: h.nurcahyo@yahoo.com
• tel: 08164226257
office hour:
• Everyday, workday 07.00 am – 03.00 PM or By
appointment, at Research Laboratory, 2nd Floor of
Biology Laboratory
 Biotechnology ?

 The application of biological organisms, systems or

processes to manufacturing and service industries
 The integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and
engineering sciences in order to achieve technological
(industrial) application capabilities of microorganism,
cultured tissue cells and part thereof
 A technology using biological phenomena by copying
and manufacturing various kinds of useful substance
 The application of scientific and engineering
principles to the processing of materials by
biological-agents to provide goods and services
 Biotechnology ?

 The science of the production processes based on the

action of microorganisms and their active components
and production processes involving the use of cells and
tissues from higher organisms. It was not included
medical technology, agriculture and traditional crop
breeding
 The use of living organism and their component in
agriculture, food and other industrial processes
 The use of microbial, animal and plant cells or enzymes to
synthesize, breakdown and transform materials
 The integration of natural sciences and organisms, cells,
parts thereof and molecular analogues to product and
services
 Stages of Biotechnology
Development

 Ancient biotechnology
early history as related to food and shelter; Includes
domestication
 Classical biotechnology
built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted
food production, and medicine
 Modern biotechnology
manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic
engineering
 Stages of Biotechnology
Development

 Traditional/old biotechnology
The conventional techniques that have been used to
produce beer, wine, cheese, many other food
 New/modern biotechnology
All methods of genetic modification by recombinant DNA
and cell fusion techniques, together with the modern
development of traditional biotechnological process
 Areas of Biotechnology
 Organismic biotechnology
uses intact organisms; Does not alter
genetic material
 Molecular biotechnology
alters genetic makeup to achieve
specific goals
• Transgenic organism- an organism with
artificially altered genetic material
 Biotechnology:
A collection of technologies
 The Applications of
Biotechnology

 Medical Biotechnology
 Diagnostics
 Therapeutics
 Vaccines
 Agricultural Biotechnology
 Plant agriculture
 Animal agriculture
 Food processing
 Environmental Biotechnology
 Cleaning through bioremediation
 Preventing environmental problems
 Monitoring the environment