What do you think makes this baby human?

What makes organisms different?

Organisms differ because they have different genes.

 Humans have human genes

 Gerbils have gerbil genes

 Bananas have (yes,

Nobody else in the whole you’ve guessed it)
world has the same DNA as banana genes!
you!
 Genetic information

 The nucleus of living cells contain chromosomes which are

made up of a string of genes.

 Different genes control the development of different

characteristics by issuing instructions to the cell.
 What is DNA?
Chromosomes and their genes are made of a molecule called DNA.

DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic
acid.

The DNA molecule

looks like a
twisted ladder this
Each chromosome spiral shape is
is a very long molecule called a
of tightly coiled DNA. DOUBLE HELIX

DNA molecules carry the code that controls what cells are made of
and what they do.
 DNA Bases
The double helix ‘ladder’ of a DNA molecule is held together by
‘rungs’ made from pairs of chemicals called bases.

There are four types of bases, and they are usually identified by
their initials.

A
C
G
T
 DNA Bases
Base pairs hold the two strands of the DNA helix together.

C G
A T
C G
A T

It is the sequence of these bases along a DNA molecule that forms the
genetic code – it’s that simple!
 Review
 Where are chromosomes found?
A) In the nucleus
B) In the cytoplasm
C) In the cell membrane
Well
Done!
 Review
 A part of DNA that carries the code for a particular
characteristic is called a:?
A) ladder
B) base
C) gene

Well
Done!
 Review
 DNA stands for:
A) Deoxyribonucleic acid
B) Deoxyribonucleic alkali
C) Don’t know the answer

Well
Done!
 Nobody in the whole world has the same DNA as
you.

 Can you describe what DNA is?