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Subnet
Subnet
32 bits
Dotted
Decimal Network Host
Binary 11111111111111111111111111111111
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128
8
4
2
1
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
64
32
16
16
Binary 11111111111111111111111111111111
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
16
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
128
8
4
2
1
64
32
16
16
Example
Decimal 172 16 122 204
Example10101100000100000111101011001100
Binary
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-3
IP Address Classes
Class D:
Multicast
Class E: Research
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-4
IP Address Classes
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
0NNNNNNN Host Host Host
Class A:
Range (1-126)
Bits: 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32
10NNNNNN Network Host Host
Class B:
Range (128-191)
1 8 9 16 17 2425 32
Bits:
110NNNNN Network Network Host
Class C:
Range (192-223)
1 8 9 16 17 2425 32
Bits:
1110MMMMMulticast GroupMulticast GroupMulticast Group
Class D:
Range (224-239)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-5
Host Addresses
172.16.2.1 10.1.1.1
10.6.24.2
E1
172.16.3.10 E0 10.250.8.11
172.16.2.1
172.16.12.12 10.180.30.118
Routing Table
172.16 . 12 . 12 Network Interfac
e
Network Host 172.16.0. E0
0
E1
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 10.0.0.0
www.cisco.co ICND—8-6
Determining Available
Host Addresses
Network Host
172 16 0 0
N
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
16
15
14
13
10
12
11
101011000001000000000000
00000000 1
0000000000000001 2
0000000000000011 3
...
...
...
111111111111110165534
111111111111111065535
111111111111111165536
- 2
2N-2 = 216-2 = 6553465534
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-7
IP Address Classes
Exercise
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.1
6
256.241.201.
10
256.241.201.1
Nonexistent
0
172.16.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.3 172.16.255.253
172.16.255.254
…...
172.16.0.0
Network 172.16.0.0
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-10
Addressing with Subnets
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0
Network 172.16.0.0
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-11
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
New Routing
172.16 . 2 . 160 Network Table Interfac
e
Network Host 172.16.0. E0
0
E1
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 172.16.0.
www.cisco.co ICND—8-12
Subnet Addressing
172.16.2.200 172.16.3.5
172.16.3.1
E1
172.16.2.2 E0 172.16.3.100
172.16.2.1
172.16.2.160 172.16.3.150
New Routing
172.16 . 2 . 160 Network Table Interfac
e
Network Subnet Host 172.16.2. E0
0
E1
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 172.16.3.
www.cisco.co ICND—8-13
Subnet Mask
Network Host
IP
Address
172 16 0 0
Network Host
Default
Subnet
Mask
255 255 0 0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Also written as “/16” where 16 represents the
number of 1s in the mask.
Network Subnet Host
8-bit
Subnet 255 255 255 0
Mask
Also written as “/24” where 24 represents the
number of 1s in the mask.
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-14
Decimal Equivalents of Bit
Patterns
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
Network 172 16 0 0
Number
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Network
Number 172 16 2 0
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Network
Number 172 16 2 128
172.16.3.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.1.0
172.16.3.255 172.16.2.0
(Directed broadcast)
255.255.255.255
(Local network broadcast)
X
172.16.255.255
(All subnets broadcast)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.co ICND—8-21
Addressing Summary
Example
172 16 2 160
255.255.255.192 Mask
Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last
Subnet
Broadcast
First
Last 7
10000000 Subnet 4
Broadcast
First
Last
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
First 6
Last
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
Last
10000000 Subnet 4
10111111 Broadcast
5
10000001 First 6
10111110 Last 7
20 subnets
5 hosts per subnet
Class C address:
192.168.5.0
192.168.5.16
Other
subnets
192.168.5.32 192.168.5.48
128.16.32.13 255.255.255.2
52
153.50.6.27 255.255.255.1
28
Subnet Broadcas
Address Class Subnet
Mask t
201.222.10.6 255.255.255.24 201.222.10.5 201.222.10.6
C
0 8 6 3
15.16.192. 15.16.199.25
15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0 A
0 5
128.16.32.1 255.255.255.2 128.16.32.1
B 128.16.32.12
3 52 5
153.50.6.2 255.255.255.1 153.50.6.
B 153.50.6.127
7 28 0