Advanced Medical

Instrumentation

NEBULIZER
AND
LASER APPLICATION IN BIOMEDICAL

PRESENTED BY:
ANUSHREE GOSWAMI
(BBE-19002)
 01

NEBULIZER
WHAT IS A NEBULIZER ?

A device that changes medication from a liquid to a mist so that it

can be more easily inhaled into the lungs.
 WHERE IS IT USED ?

chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease Cystic fibrosis and
(COPD) Asthma pulmonary fibrosis

Breathing in
Bronchiectasis Advanced Cancer Insulin application
Patients
 COMPONENTS

Air
compressor

Compressor Nebulizer
tubing cup

Mask or
Medication
mouthpiece
COMPONENTS
 TYPES OF
NEBULIZERS

NEBULIZER

JET ULTRASONIC MESH

This makes an aerosol through Liquid passes through a very
This uses compressed gas to
high-frequency vibrations. The fine mesh to form the aerosol.
make an aerosol (tiny particles
particles are larger than with a This kind of nebulizer puts out
of medication in the air).
jet nebulizer. the smallest particles.
 WORKING

PRINCIPLE JET NEBULIZER

Nebulizer treatment works by atomizing liquid medicine
into an inhalable gas form, which can then be easily
breathed in by the patient as they wear a nebulizer mask.

• Air compressor has a piston

• Converted to pressurized air
• Venturi effect and bernouli effect
• Interaction with liquid
• Aerosol
 WORKING

PRINCIPLE MESH NEBULIZER

Nebulizer treatment works by atomizing liquid medicine
into an inhalable gas form, which can then be easily
breathed in by the patient as they wear a nebulizer mask.

• Mesh
• Micropumping action
• Apperture plate with 1000 precional holes
• Vibrations
• Interation with liquid
• Aerosol
 WORKING

PRINCIPLE ULTRASONIC
Nebulizer treatment works by atomizing liquid medicine
into an inhalable gas form, which can then be easily
NEBULIZER
breathed in by the patient as they wear a nebulizer mask.

• US
• Piezoelectric crystal
• High frequency sound waves
• Interation with liquid
• Aerosol
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
NEBULIZERS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Cheap • Inefficient
• Easy to use • Difficult to clean
JET • Effective in delivering drugs that cannot • Need compressed gas and additional
be delivered by pMDIs ad DPIs tubing

• Larger residual volume

• Inability to aerosolize viscous
• Easy to use
Ultrasonic • More efficient than jet
solutions
• Degradation of heat sensitive
materials
• Easy to use and more efficient
• Fast, portable • Expensive
• Self-contained power source • Difficult to clean
Mesh • Not compatible with viscous liquids
• Optimize particle soze for specific drug
or those that crystallize on drying
 02
LASER APPLICATIONS
IN BIOMEDICAL
 WHAT ARE LASERS ?

LASER – Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

● Used as generator of light

● Spatial and temporal coherence
● Monochromatic
● Specific direction
PRINCIPLE

• Quantum theory of energy

• Stimulation of atom with another form of energy
• Excited state
• Holds for 10-8 s
• Spontaneous release in form of light
 COMPONENTS

Active Medium Pumping state Optical resonator

 TYPES OF LASERS

01 Pulsed Ruby laser 02 Nd:YAG laser

Helium:Neon laser
03 04 Argon laser

05 CO2 laser 06 Excimer laser

 TYPES OF LASERS

01 Pulsed Ruby laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Ideal energy source for effecting retinal coagulation
• Treatment of retinal detachment.
• Dermatology
 TYPES OF LASERS

02 Nd:YAG laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Interstitial photo-coagulation for destroying solid tumour tissue in the
brain, head and neck, liver, breast and pancreas.
• Photo-dynamic therapy of human cancer
• Ophthalmology
 TYPES OF LASERS

03 Helium:Neon laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Measurement of visual acuity
• Diagnostic applications like study of light, permeability of blood
containing tissues
 TYPES OF LASERS

04 Argon laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Source of photo coagulation
• Neurosurgery
• Ophthalmology
• Gynaecology
 TYPES OF LASERS

05 CO2 laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Surgical applications
• Gynaecology
• Dermatology
 TYPES OF LASERS

06 Excimer laser

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL FIELD

• Improving vision by controlled ablation of the cornea with ArF
• Removal of atherosclerotic plaque from arteries with XeCl
• Laser angioplasty
• Surgery
 ANGIOPLASTY
OPHTHALMOLOGY DENTISTRY
Laser angioplasty is a
• technique where laser • Lasers are used to treat tooth
Laser is used in vision correction
which involves reshaping the light used to remove decay, gum disease, biopsy and
cornea blockages in coronary teeth whitening
• arteries • In all of these procedures, laser
The main benefit of this surgery that
people no longer have to wear acts as a cutting instrument or a
corrective eyewear to see clearly. vaporizer of tissue that it comes
in contact with.
Laser
COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY
Applications CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND
• A laser of a specific wavelength TREATMENT
of light is made to interact with
the tissue which can positively PLASTIC SURGERY • Laser is used to destroy cancer
affect pigments, blood vessels, and abnormal cells that can turn
hair follicles and moisture in the Short, concentrated into cancer
skin. pulsating beams of laser • And these treatments have less
• They can be used to work on a light is directed at pain, bleeding, swelling, and
precise area with less pain, irregular skin. This scarring. With laser therapy, the
scarring and swelling than removes unwanted, time in surgery is usually shorter.
traditional surgeries damaged skin in a
precise manner.
THANK
YOU
ANUSHREE GOSWAMI (BBE-19002)