SQL

Database
Programming
Course: Presentation & Viva (STA200B)
Prepared & Presented By: Group 10
S.M. Mubtasim Fuad (2020134064)
Md. Naymur Rahman (2020134065)
Nondona Debnath (2020134066)
Nusrat Jahan Anonna (2020134067)
Tanvir Arefin (2020134069)
 Table of contents
01 02 03
Introduction Importance of Database
Programming Types of Databases

04 05 06

Introduction to SQL Transactions & Database Secuirty

ACID Properiteis

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Introduction
A Database is a structured collection of data organized in a way
that facilitates efficient storage, retrieval, management, and
updating of that data. In a database, data is typically organized
into tables, which consist of rows and columns. Each row in a
table represents a record, and each column represents a field or
attribute.
Database programming refers to the development and
management of computer programs that interact with databases.
Databases are organized collections of data that can be easily
accessed, managed, and updated.

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 Importance of Database Programming

Efficient storage and Maintain the accuracy Includes features for

retrieval of vast and consistency of data backup and
amounts of data data recovery

Ensuring that multiple Facilitates the Through SQL queries

users or applications implementation of database programming
can work security measures facilitates the
simultaneously manipulation of data.

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 Types of Databases
A Relational Database is a type of database that organizes data into tables with rows and columns. It follows
the relational model, which defines how data in one table is related to data in another table. Example :MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, and Microsoft SQL Server.

NoSQL databases, which stands for "Not Only SQL," represent a diverse group of database systems that are
designed to handle various types of unstructured, semi-structured, or structured data. Unlike relational
databases, NoSQL databases are often more flexible and scalable. Examples of NoSQL databases include
MongoDB (document-based), Cassandra (wide-column store), Redis (key-value store), and Neo4j (graph
database).

Read Write Read Write

Entry 1 20 Entry Entry 1 20 Entry

NoSQL RDBM
S
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 Introduction To SQL
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard programming language designed for
managing and manipulating relational databases. It provides a set of commands for
interacting with databases, performing tasks such as querying data, inserting new records,
updating existing data, and deleting records. Basic SQL Commands:

1. SELECT: The SELECT statement is used to query and retrieve data from one or more
tables in a database.
2. INSERT: The INSERT statement is used to add new records (rows) into a table.
3. UPDATE: The UPDATE statement is used to modify existing records in a table.
4. DELETE: The DELETE statement is used to remove records from a table.

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 Introduction To SQL
SQL commands are broadly categorized into two types based on their purpose:
DDL(Data Definition Language) commands are used to define the structure of the database,
including creating, altering, and deleting database objects such as tables, indexes, and views.
DML(Data Manipulation Language) commands are used to manipulate data stored in the
database, such as querying, inserting, updating, and deleting records.
SQL

DDL DML
CREATE SELECT

ALTER INSERT

DROP UPDATE

RENAME DELETE
Fig: DDL & DML
Commands
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 Transaction
Transaction refers to a logical unit of work that comprises one or more operations on a database.
Transactions are crucial for ensuring data consistency, integrity, and reliability. The concept is based
on the principles known as ACID properties:

Permanent
Partially State
Committed State
Committed State
rite
ea d/W n s
R
ratio
Ope
Failure
Active State Terminated State

Fail
u re
Roll
Back
Failed State Aborted State

Fig: Transaction State In

DBMS
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 ACID Properties
The entire transaction takes place at once or doesn't happen
Atomicity at all.

Consistenc The database must be consistent before and after the

y transaction.

ACID
Multiple transactions occur independently without
Isolation interference.

The changes of a successful transaction occurs even if the

Durability system failure occurs.

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 Database Security
Database security is a critical aspect of information technology, aiming to protect the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data stored in databases. It involves implementing
various measures to safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access, manipulation,
and potential security threats.

Authorization
Access Data Integrity
Control Verification

Database
Security
Data Data Privacy
Encryption Protection

Fig: Database Security Features

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 Database Security
To ensure Database Security we need to do the following below-

● Verifying the identity of users accessing the database through secure login credentials.
● Using encrypted algorithms to protect data stored on disk.
● Implementing robust access controls to limit who can access the database and what actions
they can perform.
● Keeping the database software up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates.
● Implementing regular backup procedures to create copies of the database, ensuring data can
be recovered in case of accidental deletion, hardware failures, or security incidents.
● Using firewalls to control network traffic and restrict access to the database server.
● Educating database administrators, developers, and other personnel about best practices in
database security.

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THANK YOU
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