“Investigating the Effect of Compression Testing on

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LAB building in

GCEK Using ANOVA and Rebound Hammer Results.”
 INTRODUCTION ABOUT ANOVA
• ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical technique used to compare the
means of two or more groups to determine if there is a significant difference
between them.
• It is commonly used in experimental design and hypothesis testing to determine if
a certain factor has an effect on a response variable.
• ANOVA is based on the concept of variance, which measures the spread of a set
of data. In ANOVA, the total variance in a data set is partitioned into several
components, including the variance between the groups and the variance within
the groups.
 CLASSIFICATION OF ANOVA
• One-way ANOVA: This type of ANOVA is used to compare the means of two or
more independent groups. For example, a researcher may use one-way ANOVA to
compare the mean height of three different species of plants.
• Two-way ANOVA: This type of ANOVA is used to compare the means of two or
more groups that are related by two different factors. For example, a researcher
may use two-way ANOVA to compare the mean height of three different species
of plants grown in two different soil types.
• Repeated-measures ANOVA: This type of ANOVA is used when the same subjects
are used in multiple conditions or treatments. For example, a researcher may use
repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the mean height of a plant grown in two
different soil types, with the same plant being used in each soil type.
 CLASSIFICATION OF ANOVA
• Mixed-design ANOVA: This type of ANOVA combines aspects of one-way and
two-way ANOVA. For example, a researcher may use mixed-design ANOVA to
compare the mean height of three different species of plants, with each species
being grown in two different soil types.

• Three-way ANOVA: This type of ANOVA is used to compare the means of two or
more groups that are related by three different factors.

• N-way ANOVA: This type of ANOVA is used to compare the means of two or
more groups that are related by more than three factors.
DATA COLLECTION
• Using a Digital rebound hammer I’ve collected 3 sets of data with 5 readings in
each set.
• Each set of data represents the compressive strength of a column taken from 5
different points
• I’ve selected 3 columns(C1, C2&C3) of the Environmental Engineering Lab and
conducted a rebound test on each column at 5 different points and the
corresponding readings were tabulated.

Image: Digital Rebound Hammer

DATA COLLECTION

Image: Data collected points of C1

Image: Data collected points of C2

Image: Selected columns of EE lab

Image: Data collected points of C3

DATA COLLECTED
• Compressive strength values collected using rebound hammer from 3
different columns of EE Lab is tabulated in Table 1
Table 1: Compressive strength of columns C1,C2&C3

C1 (MPa) C2 (MPa) C2 (MPa)

49 47 52
61 52 52
55 59 56
49 58 48
57 47 55
 HYPOTHESIS FOR ANALYSIS
As an initial step of ANOVA one factor analysis we need to make one null
hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis and also we need to decide our
level of significance
• Null hypothesis ( H 0 ): There is no difference in compressive strength
among 3 columns.
• Alternative hypothesis ( H1 ) : There is a significant difference in the
compressive strength among 3 columns.
• Level of significance : We use a 5% level of significance.
 ANOVA RESULTS
• Results calculated using Excel software,

Table 2: ANOVA software results

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
C1 5 271 54.2 27.2
C2 5 263 52.6 33.3
C3 5 263 52.6 9.8

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 8.533333 2 4.266667 0.182077 0.835798 3.885294
Within Groups 281.2 12 23.43333

Total 289.7333 14

Note: The lower the P value is for a given ratio, the more reliably we can reject the null hypothesis that a particular
source, model, or parameter is insignificant .
ANOVA RESULTS
Manual calculation of F-value,
• Grand Total (T)  C1  C 2  C 3
 271  263  263
 797
T 2 797 2
• Correction factor (C)    42347.26
N 5 3

• Sum of sq of samples