Principles

of
Management
Learning Session # 21
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar
 Re-cap
of
Session # 20
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2.For Allocating Resources:
2.1 Budgeting
2.2 Scheduling
2.3 Break even Analysis
2.4 Linear Programming
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2. For Allocating Resources:
2.1 Budgeting; The Budget is a
numerical plan for allocating
resources to specific
activities in a specific period.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2. For Allocating Resources:
2.2 Scheduling; Detailing what
activities have to be done, the
order in which they are to be
completed, who is to do each, and
when they are to be completed.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2. For Allocating Resources:
2.2 Scheduling
GANTT Charts: A scheduling
chart developed by Henry Gantt
that shows actual and planned
output over a operiod of time.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2. For Allocating Resources:
2.2 Scheduling
PERT Network; A flow chart like
diagram showing the sequence of
activities needed to complete a project
and the time or costs associated with
each.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2.For Allocating Resources:
2.3 Break even Analysis;
A technique for identifying the
point at which total revenue is
just sufficient to cover total costs.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
2.For Allocating Resources:
2.4 Linear Programming;
A mathematical technique
that solves resource
allocation problems.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
3. Contemporary Planning
Techniques:
3.1 Project Management
3.2 Scenarios Analysis
 Planning and
Decision Aids
3. Contemporary Planning
Techniques:
3.1 Project Management;
A Project is a one time only set of
activities that has a definite
beginning and ending point in time.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
3. Contemporary Planning
Techniques:
3.1 Project Management;
The task of getting a project’s
activities done on time, within budget,
and according to specifications.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
3. Contemporary Planning
Techniques:
3.2 Scenarios Analysis;
A consistent view of what the
future is likely to be.
 Planning and
Decision Aids
4. Other Methods:
4.1 Queuing
4.2 Simulation Models
4.3 Decision Trees