LITERARY POOL

LOOK FOR THE FOUR MAJOR GENRES OF LITERATURE INSIDE THE PUZZLE.
Can you name different literary genres in
Philippine literature before the 21st century?

In what ways do the elements of 21st - century

literature differ from those in earlier periods?
 I TE R AT U R E
E N R E S O F L
G
WHAT IS LITERARY GENRE ?

type or category
of literature

A Literary genre is a type or category of literature.

 Four Main Literary Genres
Drama Fiction Nonfiction Poetry
A play for theater told by Writing that is real and Writing using language
A story that did not actually
character dialogue factual , or that actually and sounds in special
happen in real life.
( talking ). happened. ways to express ideas.
Drama
Basic elements include the following:

-literary element (script),

-technical element (scenery set, make-up, costume, lights,
and sound)
-performance element (acting, character analysis, character motivation…)
Drama is more complicated than other genres of literature
because aside from the script, other elements must suit and
work together to the theme of the show and make the audience
feel the plight of the protagonist, antagonist and other
characters in the story effectively.
Fiction

- A story made by the author’s creative

imagination.
- It has various sub-genres like mystery, fantasy, suspense,
historical fiction, science fiction, realistic fiction and
folklore (myths, fables, legends).
 ELEMENTS OF FICTION:
• PLOT IS THE LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN A STORY SPECIFICALLY THE EXPOSITION, RISING ACTION,
CLIMAX, FALLING ACTION, AND DENOUEMENT OR RESOLUTION.

• CHARACTERS ARE THE PERSONS, INANIMATE OBJECTS, OR BEINGS DOING THE ACTIONS IN THE STORY.
• POINT OF VIEW IS THE ANGLE FROM WHICH THE STORY IS BEING TOLD.
• SETTING IS WHEN AND WHERE THE STORY HAPPENED.
• ATMOSPHERE IS THE MOOD OR THE OVERALL FEELING THE STORY CONVEY TO THE READERS USING LITERARY
DEVICES.

• THEME IS THE CENTRAL IDEA OF THE STORY; IT IS WHAT THE AUTHOR TRIES TO CONVEY TO HIS READERS.
• THE EXPOSITION SETS THE STAGE, THE RISING ACTION BUILDS TENSION, THE CLIMAX IS THE TURNING
POINT, THE FALLING ACTION EASES THE TENSION, AND THE DENOUEMENT PROVIDES RESOLUTION.

POINT OF VIEW REFERS TO THE PERSPECTIVE OR VANTAGE POINT FROM WHICH A STORY IS NARRATED. IT
DETERMINES WHO IS TELLING THE STORY AND WHAT INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE TO THE READER.
COMMON POINTS OF VIEW INCLUDE FIRST PERSON (NARRATOR IS A CHARACTER IN THE STORY), SECOND
PERSON (NARRATOR DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE READER), AND THIRD PERSON (NARRATOR IS AN EXTERNAL
OBSERVER)
NON-FICTION

• WRITINGS BASED ON FACTS, REAL EVENTS, AND REAL PEOPLE, SUCH AS

BIOGRAPHY, AUTOBIOGRAPHY, HISTORY OR PERIODICALS.
• IT HAS THE SAME ELEMENTS WITH FICTION; THE PLOT, CHARACTERS, POINT
OF VIEW, SETTING, ATMOSPHERE, AND THEME.
POETRY
•POETRY IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST GENRES OF LITERATURE.
•IT WAS EITHER RECITED OR SANG BACK TO PREHISTORIC TIMES
TO CALL FOR HELP FROM A DEITY, NARRATE A HERO’S LIFE AND
VICTORIES, TELL ABOUT THE LOVE STORY OF THEIR RULERS, OR
DESCRIBE SOMEONE WHO INSPIRES THEM.
 ELEMENTS OF POETRY
1. RHYME – IT IS THE IDENTICAL RHYME IF THE LAST WORDS OR SOUNDS MATCH EACH OTHER.
“ THE CAT IN THE HAT, SAT IN THE MAT “

• ALLITERATION : FOLLOWED, FLATS, FRONT ; BOTHER, BACK

• ASSONANCE: BIG, SLIPPER ; DUCK, TUB
2. METER – IT IS ALSO CALLED THE RHYTHM OR PATTERN OF BEATS IN POETRY.
3. IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM

• THE BEAUTY OF POETRY IS ON THE CAREFULLY CHOSEN WORDS THAT RHYME AND THE LINES
AND STANZAS WITH UNIFORM RHYTHM. POETRY MUST ALSO EMPLOY FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
TO CREATIVELY EXPRESS EMOTIONS, FEELING AND IDEAS.
Simile Comparison using like or as
Metaphor Direct comparison of 2 unlike things
Personification Giving human attributes to inanimate
objects or animals
Hyperbole Exaggerating the meaning of a sentence.
Onomatopoeia Using an imitative sound as a word.
Synecdoche A part to represent the whole
Repetition Word or phrase repeated for emphasis
 OL U T IO N O F G E NR E S :
T H E EV
ST CENTURY LITERATURE
21
HYPERPOETRY
It is poetry uploaded in the internet. Its medium is the
computer screen.

The term “ hyper’ suggests a level of interconnectedness

and interactivity facilitated by the digital environment.
ELEMENTS OF HYPERPOETRY

•MULTIMEDIA INTEGRATION: HYPERPOETRY OFTEN INCORPORATES

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS, SUCH AS IMAGES, AUDIO, AND HYPERLINKS.

•VISUAL LANGUAGE: THE USE OF VISUAL LANGUAGE, INCLUDING CREATIVE

FORMATTING AND TYPOGRAPHY.
• INCORPORATING MULTIMEDIA EEMENTS
• VISUAL CONTEXT
• AUDITORY DIMENSIONS
• IT MEANS THAT HOW THE WORDS APPEAR ON THE PAGE IS AS IMPORTANT AS THE WORDS THEMSELVES.
CREATIVE USE OF SPACING, FONTS, COLORS, AND ARRANGEMENTS CONTRIBUTES TO THE OVERALL AESTHETIC
AND MEANING OF THE POEM. VISUAL ELEMENTS ARE NOT JUST DECORATIONS; THEY PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN
CONVEYING THE POET'S MESSAGE, EMOTIONS, OR THEMATIC ELEMENTS. THE ARRANGEMENT OF TEXT VISUALLY
CAN ENHANCE OR ALTER THE READER'S INTERPRETATION, MAKING IT A CRUCIAL ASPECT OF HYPERPOETRY.
MOBILE TEXTULA
•IT IS A SHORT POETRY IN A FORM OF TANAGA, THAT IS SENT
THROUGH SMS ON MOBILE PHONE. IT CONSISTS OF 4 LINES WITH
7 SYLLABLES.
ELEMENTS OF MOBILE TEXTULA
•ADAPTABILITY: MOBILE TEXTUAL ELEMENTS ARE DESIGNED FOR EASY
CONSUMPTION ON MOBILE DEVICES, CONSIDERING SCREEN SIZE AND USER
EXPERIENCE.

•MULTIMODALITY: INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT MODES, SUCH AS TEXT,

IMAGES, AND SOMETIMES INTERACTIVE FEATURES.
FLASH FICTION
• IT IS TELLING A STORY IN A FEW WORDS, USUALLY ABOUT 100-1000
WORDS OR LESS. A FLASH FICTION CAN BE AS SHORT AS EARNEST
HEMINGWAY’S 6-WORD MEMOIR, “FOR SALE: BABY’S SHOES; NEVER
WORN.”
ELEMENTS OF FLASH FICTION
•CONCISENESS: FLASH FICTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS BREVITY,
TYPICALLY RANGING FROM A FEW WORDS TO AROUND A THOUSAND.

•ECONOMY OF LANGUAGE: EVERY WORD IS CAREFULLY CHOSEN, AND

THERE'S A FOCUS ON CONVEYING A COMPLETE STORY OR IDEA IN A SMALL
SPACE.
CHICK LIT
IT IS A HEROINE-CENTERED FICTION NARRATIVE; USUALLY FOCUS ON THE TRIALS OF THE
PROTAGONIST. BELOW IS AN EXCERPT OF A CHICK LIT TAKEN FROM WATTPAD. ONE NEEDS
TO DOWNLOAD THE WATTPAD APP AND THE STORY TO EXPERIENCE READING CHICK LIT.
ELEMENTS OF CHICK LIT

•FEMALE PROTAGONISTS: TYPICALLY FEATURES FEMALE PROTAGONISTS

DEALING WITH MODERN LIFE, RELATIONSHIPS, AND PERSONAL GROWTH.

•HUMOR: OFTEN CHARACTERIZED BY A HUMOROUS AND LIGHTHEARTED TONE.

BLOG

•A REGULARLY UPDATED WEB PAGE OR WEBSITE

THAT IS WRITTEN IN CONVERSATIONAL STYLE.
ELEMENTS OF BLOG
•INFORMAL TONE: BLOGS TYPICALLY HAVE A CONVERSATIONAL AND
INFORMAL TONE, CREATING A SENSE OF DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH
THE READER.

•PERSONAL VOICE: BLOGS OFTEN REFLECT THE PERSONAL VOICE AND

PERSPECTIVE OF THE AUTHOR.
•THESE ELEMENTS HIGHLIGHT THE DIVERSE AND
INNOVATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF 21ST-CENTURY
LITERATURE, SHOWCASING HOW TECHNOLOGY AND
CHANGING SOCIETAL NORMS HAVE INFLUENCED THE
EVOLUTION OF LITERARY GENRES.
HYPERPOETRY
MOBILE TEXTULA
FLASH FICTION
CHICK LIT
BLOG
Direction: The class will be divided into four groups, and each group will compare the
elements of 21st century literature genres with those of its earlier counterparts.
Afterwards, present your findings to the class. You will be given 10 minutes to finish this
task.