History of Global

Politics creating an
International Order
 INTRODUCTION
• World composed of many countries or states.
• scholar-expert, researchers, creates database
• International relations and internationalization
 Let us know more about internationalization!

• Internationalization is not equal to globalization however it is Major part of

globalization
• It is important to study international relations because states and governments are
the key drivers of global process
• International relation substantially shaped by events that occurred 400 years ago
The Attributes of Today's Global System
4 Major Characteristics in Today's World
Politics
1. Independent countries or states that rule
themselves

2. Countries communicate with one another through

diplomacy

3. Internation institutions that enable interactions

4. International institutions take lives of their own in

addition to enabling meeting between
governments.
Nation-State
• relatively modern phenomenon in human history
• NOT ALL STATES ARE NATIONS, NOT ALL NATIONS
ARE STATES
 Understanding the difference between
NATION & STATE

STATE - In layman’s terms it refers to a country and its

government (e.g., the government of the Philippines).
Sovereignty
• implies the state’s independence and the ability to make
laws without external interference.
 FOUR ATTRIBUTES OF STATE

4. It has 1. It exercises
sovereignty over authority over a
its territory. specific population,
called its citizens .

3.It has a structure

of government that 2. It governs a
crafts various rules specific territory.
that people follow.
 What Is a Nation?

• A nation, according to Benedict Anderson, is an “imagined

community” with limited boundaries.

• Being “imagined” means feeling a connection with a community,

even if you may never meet all its members.

• Nations are distinct from religious communities as they have

specific cultural, language, and territorial criteria for membership.
The Transition from
Nation to State
• Most nations aspire to become states, with recognized
authority and power.
• Communities that are not states often seek autonomy
within larger entities (e.g., Quebec in Canada, Scotland
in the UK).
• Nationalism plays a crucial role in facilitating the
formation of nation-states.
The Interstate
System
Treaty of Westphalia

Treaty of Westphalia set of

agreements signed in 1648 and Faced major challenge by Napoleon
Bonaparte in believing its principle of
30 years war
French Revolution liberty equality fraternity

02 04
01 03
Sovereignty can be traced Westphalian system
back to the Treaty of provided stability for nation
Westphalia. of Europe
 Napoleonic war lasted from
1803 to 1815

Napoleonic code

Auglo and Prussian armies

defeated napoleon in the
battle of waterloo in 1815

To prevent war the concert of

Europe alliance to great
powers

Napoleonic
Concert power lasted from
1815 to 1914 at the dawn of
World War One

war occurred
 Metternich System
is an amalgamation of meetings
among the more powerful
European nations
 Internationalism

A system of heightened The desire for

interaction between greater cooperation
various sovereign and unity among
states states
 Broad Categories of
Internationalism

Liberal Socialist
Internationalism Internationalism
Liberal Internationalism
 Liberal Internationalism
Immanuel Kant Jeremy Bentham Giuseppe Mazzini Woodrow Wilson
(18th Century) (18th Century) (19th Century) (20th US President)
- states, like -saw nationalism as
-coined the word -believes that a prerequisite to
citizens must International in free unified Internationalism
give up some 1870
nation states
- advocated the -advocated for the
freedom and should be the
creation of creation of League
establish a international law basis of the of Nations that will
that would govern become a venue
form of global global for conciliation and
inter-state
government arbitration to
relations cooperation prevent war
 The League of
The League of Nations Nations
and Its Challenges
01 02 03
- was established -Despite being
- was unable to
prevent the
in the aftermath proposed by outbreak and
of World War I. President escalation of
Wilson, the World War II,
United States as it couldn’t
couldn’t join deter ultra
due to Senate nationalist Axis
opposition Powers.
LEGACY OF THE LEAGUE OF NATION
LEGACY OF THE LEAGUE OF NATION
1. The League
gave rise to
specific
international
organizations
:
1. World Health Organization
(WHO)
LEGACY OF THE LEAGUE OF NATION
1. The League
gave rise to
specific
international
organizations
:
1. World Health Organization
(WHO)

2. International Labour
Organization (ILO)
LEGACY OF THE LEAGUE OF NATION
2. It served as a model
for future international
collaboration.
3. The principles of the
league endured and
influenced the creation of
the United Nations in 1946
 The League embodied principles of
liberal internationalism:

Immanuel Kant Giuseppe Mazzini Woodrow Wilson

Common international Cooperation and respect Democracy and self-
principles among nation-states determination
Karl Marx
• an internationalist, opposed nationalism.
• He emphasized economic equality and class struggle.

• Marx believed nationalism hindered workers’ unity across

borders
• Marx died in 1883

Socialist International (SI)

• was a union of European socialist and labor parties
established in 1889.
• Achievements included declaring May 1 as Labor Day,
creation of an International Women’s Day and promoting an
8-Hour workday.
• SI’s collapse during World War I highlighted the danger of
siding with National interests over
international solidarity.
Rise of Bolsheviks and the USSR
The Bolshevik Party
• led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew Czar Nicholas II in the Russian
Revolution of 1917.
• The new state, the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics),
promoted a more radical form of internationalism.
Communist Parties
• -The emergence of the USSR marked a shift towards Communist
parties promoting worldwide revolution.
• These parties aimed to unite workers globally, emphasizing class
struggle over nationalism.
 COMINTERN
• Lenin established communist international (COMINTERN) in 1919
• COMINTERN serve as the central body for directing Communist Party all over the world
• Not only radical then socialist international but was less democratic
• In 1941 Soviet Union joined allied
• To appease allies COMINTERN dissolved in 1943 by Joseph Stalin
• After war Stalin we established the COMINTERN as the communist information Bureau or
COMINFORM
• Soviet Union took over countries in Eastern Europe
• 1991 Soviet Union collapse so COMINFORM disappeared
• For post war, Liberal internationalism Would once again ascended.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
ORAL TIMEEEEE!
Raise you hands if you want to answer.
1. What are the broad categories of internationalism?
a. Liberal and Socialist
b. Societal and Liberal
c. Liberty and Society
d. Social and Liberal

2. A system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states

is called _________?
a. interaction
b. intermission
c. Internationalism
d. nationalism
3. Who coined the word International in 1870?
a. Joseph Mazani
b. Giuseppe Mazzini
c. Mark Zuckerberg
d. Jeremy Bentham

4. Who saw nationalism as a prerequisite to Internationalism?

a. Giuseppe Mazzini
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. Woodrow Wilson
d. Leni Robredo
5. _______ states that citizens must give up some freedom and establish
a form of global government.
a. Immanuel Kant
b. Giuseppe Mazzini
c. Woodrow Wilson
d. Aristotle

6. According to Benedict Anderson, what is a nation?

a) A state with recognized authority
b) An imagined community with limited boundaries
c) A religious community with cultural criteria
d) A governing structure with sovereignty
7. In Layman’s terms it refers to a country and its government
a) Nation
b) State
c) Territory
d) Sovereignty

8. Implies the state’s independence and the ability to make laws without
external interference.
a) Nation
b) State
c) Territory
d) Sovereignty
9. How does a nation differ from a state?
a) A nation exercises authority over a specific population.
b) A nation governs a specific territory.
c) A nation has an imagined community with limited boundaries.
d) A nation has specific cultural, language, and territorial criteria for
membership.

10. It is the set of agreements signed in a 1648 to end 30 years war?

A. Westphalian war system
B.Treat of war
C. Treaty of Wesphalia
D. Allied
 11. He is the one who makes the Treaty of westphalian face major
challenge.
A. Napoleon Bonaparte
B. Napolean Bonaparty
C. Napoleon Bonaparty
D. Napolean Bonaparte

12. Napoleon war lasted in how many years?

A.10 years
B. 16 years
C 20 years
D. 12 years
13. COMINTERN stands for?
A. Computer Internet
B. Communist International
C. Community International
D. Communist Internalization

14. What year did Soviet Union collapse that lead to COMINFORM
disappear?
A. 1991
B. 1992
C. 1993
D. 1994
15. Who proposed the establishment of the League of Nations, and why couldn’t
the United States join?
a) Proposed by Vladimir Lenin, couldn’t join due to opposition from Congress.
b) Proposed by Karl Marx, couldn’t join due to Senate opposition.
c) Proposed by Woodrow Wilson, couldn’t join due to Senate opposition.
d) Proposed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, couldn’t join due to public opposition.

16. Which international organizations were influenced by the legacy of the

League of Nations?
a) NATO and the European Union
b) WHO and ILO
c) OPEC and ASEAN
d) UNICEF and Greenpeace
17. An internationalist, who opposed nationalism and emphasized economic equality and class
struggle.
a) Karl Marx
b) Woodrow Wilson
c) Vladimir Lenin
d) Immanuel Kant

18. Was a union of European socialist and labor parties established in 1889
a) Socialist International (SI)
b) The League of Nations
c) The Bolshevik Party
d) USSR

19. Who led the Bolshevik Party?

a) Karl Marx
b) Woodrow Wilson
c) Vladimir Lenin
d) Immanuel Kant
20. What are the four attributes of a state?
a) Imagined community, limited boundaries, cultural criteria,
independence
b) Authority over citizens, governing territory, structure of government,
sovereignty
c) Autonomy, nationalism, external interference, recognized power
d) Development, government crafting, specific population, modern
politics