Lesson 13.

Factors Affecting Climate

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 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Explain how different factors affect the climate of an

area (S9ES-IIIe-30).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

do the following:

● Describe what a climate is and identify the factors affecting it.

● Identify the roles of the different spheres of Earth on the
different climatic effects experienced on different regions on
Earth.
● Differentiate areas of Earth based on climate experienced.
● Identify artificial factors affecting Earth’s climate.
 Earth’s surface is an
intersection of
several distinct
“spheres” making it a
whole “system.”
These spheres exist in a
certain balance, where
changes brought about
by their interactions
can induce several
phenomena which seek
to rebalance the
change. One of these
phenomena is climate.
What are the changes
or factors that affect
the global climate?
 Try it!
Warm-Up

Earth’s Spheres Interaction

In this activity, students

will analyze and
hypothesize the roles of
the different “spheres” of
Earth in the generation of
Earth’s climate system.
 Learn about It

Weather
• It is the current atmospheric
conditions, including
temperature, rainfall, wind, and
humidity at any given place.

Climate
• It is sometimes referred to as Precipitation (rain, sleet,
“average” weather for a given snow, hail) is an important
area. element for both weather and
climate.
 Learn about It

Climate
• Temperature and precipitation are the main elements of
climate.

• The National Weather Service uses values of temperature

highs and lows and precipitation measures for the past
thirty years to compile “average” weather for any given
area.

• Climate is the sum of all statistical weather information

that helps describe a place or region.
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

Earth’s spheres have roles to play
in climatic conditions.

• Latitude
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Geosphere
• Biosphere
Earth as viewed from the
outer space
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

• Latitude is the distance of a
place relative to the equator.

• Areas near the equator

receives direct sunlight, hence
the warm temperature.

• Areas near the poles receives

diffused sunlight, hence the Countries in the red highlight are
those with warm climates.
cooler temperature.
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

• Atmosphere is the
envelope of gases, held
by gravity, that
surrounds the Earth.

• Prevailing winds (trade

winds, westerlies, and
easterlies) are formed
because of difference in Map of prevailing winds
air temperature.
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

• The hydrosphere represents all
water on Earth in any state.

• Water has a high specific heat,

which refers to the amount of
heat needed to increase
temperature of a substance to
1ºC.

• Bodies of water act as heat sinks Areas near bodies of water

to cool down nearby areas. have cooler climates.
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

• The geosphere influences
climate through an area’s
geography and land cover.

• The leeward has dry and

warmer temperature.

• The windward has cooler Diagram showing the opposite sides

and moist temperature. of a mountain
 Learn about It

Factors Affecting Climate

• The biosphere represents all
life on Earth.

• Vegetation influences climate

by absorbing solar energy and
carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, releasing oxygen,
and releasing water vapor
through evapotranspiration. Presence of plants affect rate
of evapotranspiration
 Learn about It

Artificial Factors Affecting Climate

Human activities create a great impact on the global climate.

As the population grows, the consumption of resources

increases, affecting Earth’s systems including climate.

• Landscape modification
• Environmental Degradation
• Pollution
• Overpopulation
 Learn about It

Artificial Factors Affecting Climate

Landscape modification

• Construction of
infrastructure

• Resource extraction such

as mining and oil
production
Construction of infrastructure excavates
rock layers that have existed for millions
of years and disrupts rivers and tides.
 Learn about It

Artificial Factors Affecting Climate

Environmental Degradation

• Overgrazing

• Deforestation

• Urbanization

Deforested land
 Learn about It

Artificial Factors Affecting Climate

Pollution

• Smog, water
contamination, acid
runoff, acid rain,
radioactive materials,
ozone depletion, and
greenhouse emissions

Air pollution
 Learn about It

Artificial Factors Affecting Climate

Overpopulation

• It leads to consumption of
resources at a rate which
Earth system cannot
sustain.

A crowd of people in the streets of

New Delhi, India
 Key Points

● Weather is different from climate. Weather is the fluctuation of

the atmosphere over a short period. On the other hand, climate is
the average weather conditions over a certain area and time frame
of at least 30 years.

● There are different spheres of Earth which interact with one

another: atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
 Check Your Understanding

Fill in the missing word or phrase to complete each sentence.

1. Most human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, release _____________
into the atmosphere which contribute to global warming.
2. _____________ influences climate by absorbing solar energy and carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen, and releasing water vapor through
evapotranspiration.
3. The windward side of a __________ has a lower temperature and receives plenty
of precipitation while its downwind side is characterized by the arid climate.
4. _____________ is the result of rain passing through sulfur-rich emissions into the
atmosphere, turning the water into sulfuric acid.
5. _____________ act as heat sinks and can cool down nearby coastal areas.
 Bibliography

Blue Planet Biomes. 2017. Various Articles. Accessed October 3.

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/climate.htm.

Hefferan, Kevin, and John O’Brien. 2010. Earth Materials. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Marshak, Stephen. 2009. Essentials of Geology, 3rd Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

McGuire, Thomas. 2005. Earth Science: The Physical Setting. New York: Amsco School Publications, Inc.

Petersen, James F., et al. 2013. Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd Edition. United States: Cengage
Learning.

Prothero, Donald R., and Robert H. Dott, Jr. 2010. Evolution of Earth. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Tarbuck, Edward J., and Frederick J. Lutgens. 2012. Earth Science, 13th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
 Bibliography

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2017. Various Articles. Accessed October 3.
http://www.ipcc.ch/.