10.

4 Evidence of Evolution

IDENTIFYING ORGANISMS
AND ERA

1
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

2
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

3
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

4
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

5
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

Vocabulary

1. geologic time scale – a model scientists use to describe

the timing of events and the relationships between those
events in earth’s history.
2. era – one of three long periods of geologic time from
Precambrian to the present.
3. period – geologic time periods that eras are divided into.
4. epoch – a division of geologic time; a subdivision of a
period.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

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10.4 Evidence of Evolution

IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE EARTH FORMED

ALONG WITH THE SOLAR SYSTEM 4.6 BILLION
YEARS AGO (4,600 MYA)

THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE IS

A summary of the major events in earth’s history

EON – largest segment of geologic time

ERA

PERIOD

EPOCH – smallest segment of geologic time

10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

11
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

Two Kinds of Ages

Relative - Know Order of Events But Not

Dates
• Civil War Happened Before W.W.II
Absolute - Know Dates
• Civil War 1861-1865
• World War II 1939-1945
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

LAW OF
SUPERPOSITION- In
undisturbed sedimentary
rocks the oldest rock
layers are at the bottom
and the youngest are at
the top.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
LAW OF INCLUDED FRAGMENTS - If
fragments of one type of rock are found in another
rock layer the rock fragments must be older than the
rock layer in which they are found
FAULTED AND FOLDED LAYERS - Layers of
rock that have been faulted or folded must have
been present before the actions of faulting or
folding took place
FOLDING FAULTING
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
RADIOACTIVE DATING
USED TO DATE FAR BACK IN TIME. CERTAIN ROCKS
CONTAIN RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES are

atoms of elements that give off
radiation from their nuclei

RADIOACTIVE DECAY is the process

by which a radioactive isotope changes
into a new stable element
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
URANIUM LEAD METHOD is useful to date
rocks older than 10 million years. can be used only on
igneous rocks that contain the right kind of uranium
RUBIDIUM-STRONTIUM METHOD can
also be used to date older rocks because of its long
half-life. it is also very commonly found in igneous
rocks.
POTASSIUM-ARGON METHOD is very
useful since potassium-40 can be found in
metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks. it
can date older rocks but may also date rocks as young
as 50,000 years
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Pre-Cambrian
• Began with the
formation of the
Earth 4.6 billion
years ago.
• Bacteria appeared
3.5 billion years
ago, followed by
algae and fungi.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution Paleozoic Era
• Divided into 5 periods:
• Cambrian period -
Sponges, snails, clams and
worms evolve
• Ordovician period - First
fishes evolved and other
species become extinct
• Silurian period - Land
plants, insects and spiders
appear
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

• Devonian period -
Amphibians evolve and
cone-bearing plants start
to appear.
• Carboniferous period -
Tropical forests appear
and reptiles evolve.
• Permian period - Seed
plants become common
and insects and reptiles
become widespread. Sea
animals and some
amphibians begin to
disappear.
10.4Mesozoic
Evidence ofEra
Evolution

• Divided into 3 periods:

• Triassic period - Turtles and
crocodiles evolve and
dinosaurs appear.
• Jurassic period - Large
dinosaurs roam the world.
First mammals and birds
appear.
• Cretaceous period -
Flowering plants appear,
mammals become more
common, dinosaurs
• become extinct.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Cenozoic Era
• Divided into 2 periods:
• Tertiary period - First primates
appear and flowering plants
become the most common.
• Quaternary period - Humans
evolve and large mammals like
woolly mammoths become
extinct.
Evidence for Evolution
Five examples of Evidence for
Evolution

1.Fossils
2.Geographical Distribution
3.Embryology
4.Comparative Anatomy
5.Molecular and Genetic
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

24
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
OUTPUT RUBRIC

25
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

LET’S MAKE A CONCEPT MAP 

• Using concept map, show the

different divisions, subdivisions
and events in the Earth’s History.
• Maximize 10 mins. for the
concept map and 2 mins. For the
presentation
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10.4 Evidence of Evolution

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

• 1. Explain how the Earth’s history can be

interpreted from the geologic time scale?
• 2. How unifying themes (e.g structure and
function) in the study of life show the connections
among living things?
• 3. How important is adaptation in terms of survival
and diversities?
• Note: no. only
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10.4 Evidence of Evolution
OUTPUT NO.1 RUBRIC

28
10.4 Evidence of Evolution

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
RUBRIC

29