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Half-Life
• The length of time required
for half of the radioactive
atoms in a sample to break
down.
Interpreting Fossil Evidence
C14 - Taken up by living things while alive
• After death, C14 decays to N14 (half-life of 5,730 years.)
• C12 is also taken up by living things while alive, and
does not decay after death
The more C12 there is in a sample compared to C14, the older the
sample is.
Geologic Time Scale
Scientists use the geologic time scale to
represent evolutionary time.
• As geologists studied the fossil record, they found
major changes in the fossil animals and plants at
specific layers in the rock.
Geologic Time Scale
Eras
• Scientists divide the
time into eras
• Example:
Paleozoic Era—544 mya
Mesozoic Era—245 mya
Cenozoic Era—65 mya
Periods
• Eras are subdivided into
periods, which range in
length from millions of
years to less than two
million years.
In The Beginning…
BIG BANG
12-15 billion years ago,
all matter and space was
compressed into a hot,
dense volume at one
single point.
• This incredibly hot, dense
state lasted only for an
instant, and then big bang
occurred.
• The big bang was the
instantaneous distribution
of all matter and energy
throughout the universe.
Big Bang Evidence
Radio telescopes
have detected a
relic of the big bang
—cooled, diluted
background
radiation left over
from the beginning
of time.
Stephen Hawking proposed that
Telescopes have black holes formed from gamma
shown that the ray emissions following the Big
universe is Bang.