"Mykola Tereshchenko's Translation Heritage”

THE PRESENTATION IS MADE

BY MARIIA KHANDOHA
 Childhood and adolescence
 Mykola Ivanovych Tereshchenko was born on September 1, 1898 in
Poltava region in a peasant family. Soon his parents moved to the
hamlet of Khodakivka in the neighboring Chornobayiv volost, where
the poet spent his childhood.
 After primary school, the young man studied at the Zolotonosha
Classical Gymnasium, which he graduated from in 1917 and in the fall
entered the chemistry department of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute,
while attending foreign language courses..
 He began writing poems in high school, and first published them in
1918 in the "Literary-Scientific Bulletin". A year later, his poetry began
to be published in "Art", "Muzaget", "Red Wreath".
 These were emotionally perceptive, full of human content poems with
skillful technique. But in general they were not positively perceived by
proletarian critics, as they were dominated by moods of infinity and
dreaminess, and themes fighting for freedom, sympathy for the
«І серцем молодим радію, що в мене
oppressed were revealed not with the help of loud and decisive rhythms,
теж така рука, що працювать повік
but in combination with melancholy intonations and traditional iambus.
зуміє така рука робітника.»
Moving to Kyiv and the beginning of
literary activity
 After graduating from high school, Mykola Ivanovych moved to Kyiv (he lived in
a house at 49 Volodymyrska Street, where a memorial plaque was later erected in
his honor; but the house has not survived to this day). From 1917 to 1922 he
studied at the Faculty of Chemistry of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In
December 1918 he took part in the uprising against Hetman Pavel Skoropadsky.
 From the beginning of his literary activity M. Tereshchenko was known as an
author of original poems and a talented translator from other literatures.
 In 1922, the first collection of Tereshchenko's translations, Emil Verharn's Poetry,
was published. The first collection of original poetry by the author himself -
"Laboratory" - was published in 1924.
 Along with this, M. Tereshchenko paid a lot of
attention to the editorial and publishing
business: he worked in the editorial office of
the newspaper "Bolshevik" (later - "Proletarian
Truth"); on his initiative and under his
editorship, a series of small books was
published (as a supplement to Proletarian
Truth) - collections of poems and short stories
by Ukrainian Soviet writers.
 In the 20's and early 30's the poet took an active
part in public life and in the literary process,
worked with great creative effort
 Сreativity
 At first he belonged to the group of symbolists "Muzaget", later to the literary
organizations "Komunkult", "October", and from 1927 to VUSPP. From 1925 to 1934
he was the editor of the magazine "Life and Revolution", during the Second World War
he worked at the Ukrainian radio station in Tashkent, after the war - the editor of the
State Publishing House of Ukraine in Kiev.
 In the first collections of poetry "Laboratory" (1924), "Chernozem" (1925) and
"Purpose and Frontier" (1927), the artist reached the pinnacle of his work, giving them
(a number of ordinary poems) poetry of deep philosophical thought and artistic
perfection, but then gradually moved to the position of socialist realism, and from the
late 1920's pp the main motives of many collections of his poetry are labor, production
processes, etc .: "Country of Work" (1928), "Republic" (1929), "Gust" (1932), as well
as motives of revolutionary internationalism - "Senka-Arsenal" (1930), "Tsen-Tsan"
(1930), and patriotism during the Second World War - "Willow Abundant" (1943),
"Dawn" (1944). Collections of poems by the author of the postwar years have the same
socialist-real character: "In Battles and Works" (1951), "Truth" (1952), "Generous
Land" (1956), "Lyrical Chronicle" (1958), "Human Heart" (1962). ).
 In the ten years since the publication of the first collection, Tereshchenko has published
ten books of original works.
 M. Tereshchenko's poem-ballad "Tsen-Tsan" (1922) about the
participation of a Chinese worker in the battles for Soviet power in
Ukraine ("came from heavenly China, died an earthly worker") was
very popular in the 1920s and early 1930s.
 In eight short chapters of the work, each of which has its own
rhythm, emotional charge and timbre of sound, the poet recreated
the difficult life and battle path of a proletarian who died without
hesitation in the name of the victory of the revolution. The idea of ​
the international unity of the proletarians of the whole world was
revealed concretely, through the typical image of an ordinary
soldier who took part in the civil war in Ukraine, and gave the
poem great educational significance. Thousands of amateur readers
recited this work in workers 'and peasants' clubs to loud applause
from listeners.

The poem "Tsen-Tsan," wrote I. Kulyk in 1930, "has forever

entered the history of our pre-October literature as one of its
best works." This high assessment still remains unchanged.
 Mykola Tereshchenko as a talented

translator
Mykola Ivanovych translated a lot, but the waste of talent is also felt in the tendentious selection of
translations. In particular, his translations included three collections by Emil Verharn, an anthology of Uzbek
poetry, and many collections of translations by other authors:
 from Russian: O. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, Rileyev, M. Nekrasov, V. Mayakovsky, D. Bedny;
 from Belarusian: J. Kupala, J. Kolas;
 from Polish: A. Mickiewicz;
 from Provençal: Marcabrunn, Bernard de Ventadorn, Bertrand de Born, Geoffrey Rüdel, Peire Vidal;
 from French: G. Apollinaire, L. Aragon, O. Barbier, A. Barbusse, A. Bassis, R. Bello, J.-P. Beranger, J.-R.
Block, S. Baudelaire, N. Bualo-Depreo, J. Valles, P. Verlaine, E. Verhaarn, W. Hugo, P. Emmanuel, E. Potier,
A. Rimbaud, etc .;
 from Slovak: S. Zhari and M. Ferka
 from Czech: J. Gori, K.-J. Erben and O. Lysogorsky.
 "The translations show remarkable skill, even in the reproduction of the most
complex, canonical forms, such as ballads (in the ancient sense of the term),
virele, rondo, sonnet ... Tereshchenko closely follows all the twists and turns of
thought and mood of the poets he gives. in the Ukrainian language "- wrote
M. Rylsky

 In the mid-1930s, Mykola Ivanovych began his fruitful work at the

State Literary Publishing House of Ukraine as an editor of the poetry
department. At that time he was mainly engaged in translations.
 In 1935-1938, A. Barbusse's novel "Fire", three books of fables and
poems by D. Bedny, "Ruslan and Lyudmila" and "Fireplace Guest" by
O. Pushkin were published in three editions. To the 100th anniversary
of his death and to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the great poet
M. Tereshchenko translated a number of his works, but then could not
publish them.
 In December 1937 he was repressed and only two years later returned
to creative work.
 In the last pre-war years, Mykola Ivanovych paid special attention to
the translation business. Long before that, he had an idea - to give the
Ukrainian reader an anthology of French poetry, to the rich sources of
which all the outstanding poets of the world turned, and among them -
Shevchenko, Franko, Grabovsky, Lesya Ukrainka.
 M. Tereshchenko worked on the realization of this plan all his
creative life.
 For more than three decades, M. Tereshchenko worked on translations
of works by French masters of poetry.
 "This should be a voluminous anthological edition of works by 250
French poets with relevant biographical information and concise
creative characteristics," - wrote Mykola Ivanovych about his work. .
 The anthology presents examples of the work of French poets from the
12th to the middle of the 20th century
The greatest achievement of Tereshchenko's
translation activity is his "Constellation of French
Poetry" (I-II, 1971).
 Tereshchenko's encyclopedism and erudition,
his love for world literature are revealed by a
fundamental work - "Literary Diary"
("Dnipro", 1966). In this illustrated edition,
every day is the date of birth or death of
someone from a galaxy of writers from around
the world.
 In 1968, a street in Kyiv was named after
Mykola Tereshchenko.
 Mykola Tereshchenko died in 1966 and was
buried in the Baykove Graveyard in Kyiv
THANK YOU FOR
ATTENTION!