INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
 anaemia is a problem of not having enough healthy red blood
cells or haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues.
Haemoglobin is a protein found in red cells that carries oxygen
from the lungs to all other organs in the body. Having anaemia
can cause tiredness, weakness and shortness of breath.
 There are many forms of anaemia. Each has its own cause.
Anaemia can be short term or long term. It can range from mild
to severe. Anaemia can be a warning sign of serious illness.
DEFINITION
 It is a condition in which the haemoglobin concentration
is lower then the normal. As a results, the amount of
oxygen delivered to body tissue is diminished.
According to joginder vati
 Anaemia is a hematological disorder it is lack of sufficient
hemoglobin to deliver oxygen to tissue
 TYPES OF ANEMIA
 Acquired anaemia – acquired anaemia is also known as hypochromic anaemia it occur
when the total body iron content is less than normal(70 to 175 mcg/dL for men. 50 to
170 mcg/dL for women)
 haemolytic anaemia - in haemolytic anaemia premature destruction of RBC occur either
because the RBCs are inherently defective or because nauseous factor are present in intra
vascular compartment .
 Aplastic anaemia – Aplastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by bone
marrow hyperplasia or a Aplasia result in pancytopenia (insufficient number of RBC
WBC and platelets)
 Sickle Cell anaemia – Sickle Cell anaemia is a chronic hereditary hemolytic disorder
occur in a person who are homozygous for the Sickle gene
 megaloblastic anaemia – megaloblastic anaemia or Pernicious anaemia is a vitamin B12
deficiency anaemia.
CONTIN...
 Thalassemia – hemglobinopathic hereditary anaemia that
occur because of mutation which affect the haemoglobin
structure reduce the synthesis of a part of the haemoglobin
result in the hypochromic and microcytic RBCs
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
chart
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
MANAGEMENT
 Blood transfusion especially RBC transmission
 Iron supplement oral ferrous sulphate parental iron therapy
 Nutritional therapy and dietary consideration vitamin B12 rich diet iron rich diet and Folic
acid rich diet to be provided to the client.
 Splenomegaly remove spleen
 Bone marrow and stencil transplantation to enhance the production of RBC WBC and platelets
 Activity restriction minimise the activity
COMPLICATION
 Heart failureA chronic condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it
should.Heart failure can occur if the heart cannot pump (systolic) or fill (diastolic) adequately.
 Paraesthesia-Paresthesia refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the
hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body.
 Delirium - Delirium is a mental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to
think or remember clearly.