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Explanation
Text
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 What is the
explanation Text?
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural,
social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’
and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science,
geography and history text books.
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 Purpose of Explanation Text
– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
– To explain how or why something happens.
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 Generic Structure of Explanation Text

● General statement
General stating the phenomenon issues which are to be
explained.
● Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain
the phenomena.
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 Language Features of Explanation
Text .
 Focus on general subject, not human participants, such as
earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
 It is possible to use scientific terms.
 More use of active verbs.
 Using time and causal conjunctions, for example if, so, so, before,
first, and then.
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 Using passive sentences.

 Using simple present Tense
 The Example of Explanation Text
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 General Statement
How a Cancer is formed
What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases.
Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease,
cancer is the second leading cause of death.
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 Sequence of Explanation 1
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can
occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear
and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in
the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of
DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.
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 Sequence of Explanation 2
Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about
10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-
level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die
quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by
the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune
system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune
system to eliminate.
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 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
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