Arts 7

Quarter 3
Arts and Crafts of Mindanao
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, I should be
able to:
1. Analyze the elements and principles of art in
the production of art and crafts inspired by
the different creative expressions in Mindanao
2. Identify the different characteristics of art and
crafts in specific areas in Mindanao
Overview
Mindanao is referred to as “The Land of Promise”, is the second largest and
southernmost island in the Philippine archipelago.
• Mindanao also has the largest concentration of ethnolinguistic groups and
culturally-diverse islands. These groups are mostly Muslims from:
A. Badjao
B. Iranun
C. Jama Mapun
D. Kalagan
E. Kalibugan
F. Manobo
G. Maguindanao
H. Sama Bangingi
I. Sama Pangutaran
J. Samal
K. Sangil
L. Tausug
M. Yakan
N. Lumads (Bagobos and T’bolis)
Overview
Mindanao is referred to as “The Land of Promise”, is the second largest and
southernmost island in the Philippine archipelago.
• Mindanao also has the largest concentration of ethnolinguistic groups and
culturally-diverse islands. These groups are mostly Muslims from:
A. Badjao
B. Iranun
C. Jama Mapun
D. Kalagan
E. Kalibugan
F. Manobo
G. Maguindanao
H. Sama Bangingi
I. Sama Pangutaran
J. Samal
K. Sangil
L. Tausug
M. Yakan
N. Lumads (Bagobos and T’bolis)
Animism
An indigenous belief system
before Islam wherein early
Filipinos worshipped nature
and believed that plants and
inanimate objects are home to
ancestral spirits and that natural
phenomena are caused by gods.
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Bilaan or B’laan is an
ethnolinguistic group that inhabit
some parts of South Cotabato,
North Cotabato and Davao del
Sur.
• It is a combination od two
words, “bila” which means
“house” and “an” which
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Bilaan or B’laan
• They are known for
embroidery, brass ornaments
and beadwork that are
integrated in their traditional
clothing.
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Bilaan or B’laan
• They wear clothes woven from
abaca embellished with
embroidery, buttons and beads.
The women wear heavy brass
belts with numerous tiny bells
that hang around their
waistline.
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Takmun
• Sequins made from a cut
mother-of-pearl to form
geometric patterns
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Takmun
• Sequins made from a cut
mother-of-pearl to form
geometric patterns
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing Of B’laan
Bilaan or B’laan
• Ikat – The process of dyeing the fabric
where the yarns are tightly wrapped
with strings and dyed before weaving.
• Their textiles usually contain three
colors - shades of black or brown, red
or ochre (darker shade of orange) and
ecru (the color of the undyed abaca)
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of Bagobo
and the T’boli
The Bagobos
• Group of people that live in Davao. According to
anthropologists, the name of this ethnolinguistic
group comes from the words “bago” (new) and
“obo” (growth). This is because they are believed
to have come from the mixture of the native
population with the Hindu migrants that entered
Mindanao during the Sri Vijayan and Majapahit
empires.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of Bagobo and the T’boli
The Bagobos
• The ceremonial attire of the Bagobos are elaborate.
They make these clothes from a special textile
woven from abaca fibers called t’nalak.
• Their t’nalak is woven from deep brown abaca
treated in the ikat process to obtain intricate
designs. Only the women are allowed to weave this
fabric.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of Bagobo and the T’boli
T’nalak
• The men wear t’nalak shorts, an undershirt and
a t’nalak coat.
• The bagani(hero/warrior) wear blood-red clothes
and head kerchief called tangkulu. This articles of
clothing represent their courage.
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The
Traditional
Clothing of
the Bagobo
Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The
Traditional
Clothing of
the Bagani
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli

They live in and around Lake Sebu, South Cotabato and

are famous for their complicated beadwork, wonderful
woven fabrics and beautiful brass ornaments.
Like the Bagobos, they regard the t’nalak as sacred.
Traditional wedding rituals involve the exchange of
this textile.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
Lang-Dulay – the famous T’boli
dream weaver, received the
National Living Treasures –
Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA) by the National
Commission of Culture and Arts
(NCCA) in 1998.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
• Men are not allowed to touch the materials used in the
weaving process.
• The weaver is forbidden to mate with her husband during the
time that the cloth is being woven.
• They believed that if they break these rules, the fiber will
snap and the design will be ruined.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
• T’nalak production is painstaking process that requires
patience, a lot of creativity, good memory and a range of
skills learned by a young age by the weavers.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
1. Abaca fiber is stripped from the trunk, cleaned, dried and
separated into strands.
2. The strands are then carefully selected, hand-tied and rolled
into balls.
3. Natural vegetable dyes produced by the T’boli weavers
themselves are used to stain these handspun abaca fibers.
*The common colors are tones of red, brown and black.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli
4. When the materials are ready, the t’nalak is then woven.
*It usually takes months of hardwork to produce a single length
(approx. 3 meters) of textile.
5. After the weaving process, a male member of the T’boli
community is tasked to soften and smoothen the textile by
“ironing” with a smooth sea-shell.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the T’boli

• The practice of making t’nalak has been passed

down from generation to generation for many
centuries now. Each design has its own meaning
such as snake, flowers or people’s names.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao

• Maranao means “People of the Lake”, referring

to people who occupy the lands surrounding
Lake Lanao.
• They are famous for their artworks, intricate
weaving, wood carving, metal craft and their
epics.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao

Malong
• A traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of
hand-woven or machine-made multicolored
cotton cloth, bearing a variety of geometric or
floral designs.
• It can be used in many ways.
• Women wear it as skirt, a dress, a blouse or a
gown.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao

Malong
• Depending on how it is folded, it can also be
used as hammock, a basket, a sleeping bag, a
bathrobe or a baby carriage.
• It is similar to sarong worn by people in
Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. But unlike
sarong, the malong is longer and is stitched
together at both ends to make a tube.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao

Malong
• It is an important part of Maranao life.
• A new born is wrapped in it and, as he or she
grows, it becomes a part of his/her daily life as
clothing and as a material for everyday use.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao
Malong
• When a person dies, he or she is once again
wrapped in a malong. Even in areas where
people wear contemporary clothing during the
day, the malong is commonly used as
sleepwear.
• A traditional dance called Kapa Malong or
Sambisa Malong demonstrates the various ways
of wearing a malong and its uses.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao
Malong
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Yakan
• Basilan is the home to the Yakans.
• They are popular for their skills in weaving.
They weave very intricate designs in their
textiles. Which they use for their clothes and
other accessories.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Yakan
• Yakan hand-loomed fabrics are known for their
use of bold colors and geometric patterns. The
traditional Yakan art of weaving originated
from their hometown Lamitan in the island of
Basilan.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Yakan
• Yakan fabrics are traditionally used as
garments.
• Seputangan – a square cloth used by the Yakan
women as a head cover or as belt.
• Badjulapi – a tight blouse with long sleeves that
is ornamented with gold, silver or bronze
buttons.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Yakan
• Seputangan
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Yakan
• Badjulapi
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Sawal
• The traditional tight-fitting trousers made of
Yakan fabric characterized by its vertical
stripes.
• Pinalantupan – a type of skirt layered over the
trousers.
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Sawal
 Lesson 1: ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND
TAPESTRIES
The Traditional Clothing of the Yakan
Pinalantupan
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Sarimanok – a legendary bird of the Maranao. It come
from the words “sari” meaning cloth or garment an
“manok” for chicken.
• It has become a significant symbol of Maranao art. It
depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathere
tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons.
• The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf an
spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Sarimanok
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Okir – it refers to traditional and unique carving an
prominent to any design among the Moro ethno
linguistic communities.
• The name comes from an old Malayan word whic
means carve or “ukit” in Filipino. It is referred to a
okir in Maranao while okkil in Maguindanaon.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Okir
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Okir
A new pattern now known as the okir motif ha
evolved from the Indian stylized bird-like and naga theme
and the Islamic tradition of using flowing flowers, vine
and geometric patterns as well as local artisan styles.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Face Makeup and Body Ornaments
• A distinct form of visual arts of the Yakan is the
facial makeup applied on brides and grooms.
• After applying a foundation of white powder, dots
and lines are painted in various patterns on the
faces, creating the effect of formal and elaborate
masks which match the ornate costumes of the
couple.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Face Makeup and Body Ornaments
• The bride and groom wear different accessories.
• Wedding Attire
• Male
Pis – Hand-woven head cloth; worn as symbolic
protection from spears or knoives
Kandit – 15-m belt or sash made of gilim (red cloth)
Shirts thar are believed to be bulletproof with Arabic
script designs prepared by imams and hadjis
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Wedding Attire
• Female
Short skirts over trousers
Both
Saruk – hat worn to add elegance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaWfQ2SfBtI
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Ornaments
• Crocodile tooth necklace for fortune
• Triangular amulets with symbols wrapped in black
cloth (anting-anting) against bullets
• Snake bone belts to guard from pain
• Maniktegiyas – a necklace or bracelet of beads from
dried fruit seeds to protect from illness caused by
evil spirits
• Maniksembulan – necklace or bracelets made of a
bamboo stems cut into short pieces; serves as added
protection
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
•ORNAMENTS
Face Makeup and Body Ornaments
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Functional Articles
• Pegupaan – bamboo container for chewing betel nut
• Lutuan – a small bronze box with engravings
carried at the waist
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Functional Articles
• Pegupaan
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Functional Articles
• Lutuan
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
T’boli Accessories
• Hilot – a heavy brass belt worn by women during
festivals. The T’boli nobility wear it with bracelets
and anklets, furnished with ball-bearings that make
a sound as the wearer walks.
• The bells that are hung from a distinctive brass or
beaded belts signal the approach of a woman.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
T’boli Accessories
• Hilot
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
T’boli Accessories
• Suwatimimotis – a wooden comb with colored glass
beads hanging from it, worn toward back of the
head.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
T’boli Accessories
• Suwatimimotis
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Brass making-Kulintang
• Kulintang – a musical instrument composed of eight
different-sized brass gongs laid upon wooden rack.
• It is made of brass with intricate designs and
embossed top where it can be hit by wooden mallets
to produce music.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Brass making-Kulintang
• Kulintang
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Brass making-Kulintang
• Gandang – two headed cylindrical drum
• Duahanagong – pair consisting of the bua (a giant-
sized gong) and pulakan (a narrow shaped knobbed
gong.
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Brass making-Kulintang
• Gandang
 Lesson 2: CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND BODY
ORNAMENTS
Brass making-Kulintang
• Bua • Pulakan
SARIMANOK PAPER LAYERING ART
PROCEDURE:
1. Color all the sarimanok images using
crayons. Use same colors you used on
identical areas
2. Cut out all three images.
3. Apply thin coat of white glue on top of the
images then let it sit for a while until it turns
to clear solid.
4. Glue sarimanok image 3 on top of image 2
and image 2 on top of image 1. use hot glue
to stick them together but leave a small gap
between images. Leave the glue to cool down
without flattening it. This will add a shadow
SARIMANOK PAPER LAYERING ART
PROCEDURE:
1. Color all the sarimanok images using
crayons. Use same colors you used on
identical areas
2. Cut out all three images.
3. Apply thin coat of white glue on top of the
images then let it sit for a while until it turns
to clear solid.
4. Glue sarimanok image 3 on top of image 2
and image 2 on top of image 1. use hot glue
to stick them together but leave a small gap
between images. Leave the glue to cool down
without flattening it. This will add a shadow
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Torogan
• The torogan is the ancestral house of the upper
class Maranao.
• It is the dwelling place of the datu along with his
wives and children.
• There could not be any house larger than torogan
of the datu within the sultanate, for this signifies
rank, prestige and wealth.
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Torogan
• The National Museum has declared the Maranao
torogan, specifically the kawayan torogan as one
of the National Cultural Treasures through
Museum Declaration No. 4-2008.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Torogan
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Panolong
• A wing-like ornament of a torogan flaring out from
the beams. This okir carving usually features the
naga or serpent, pakobarong or stylized fern, as well
as floral and star-and-bud motifs.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Panolong
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Badjao Houses
• The Badjau, also known as Sama-Badjau, are the
“Sea Gypsies” or nomads of the Sulu sea.
• Their main source of livelihood is fishing and
hunting, thus, most of them live in boat houses or
houses on stilts around the Sulu archipelago.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Badjao Houses
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
The Grand Mosque of Cotabato
• The largest mosque in the Philippines, the Sultan Haji
Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid or also known as the Grand
Mosque sitting near the idle banks of Tamontaka
River is founded by the Philippine Government and
the Sultan of Brunei, for whom the majid was named.
The mosque occupies 5000 square meters of a five-
hectare land. The four minarets stand at a towering 43
meters high (more or less 15-storey building.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
The Grand Mosque of Cotabato
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Fort Pilar of Zamboanga
• The historical Fort Pilar, also called Real Fuerza de
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza, was founded in
1635 and still stands strong until today. It was
engineered by Fr. Melchor de Vera, a Jesuit priest. It
was built to protect the people from pirates of the Sulu
Sea.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Fort Pilar of Zamboanga
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Monastery of the Transfiguration of Bukidnon
• The monastery is located atop of the hill of
Malaybalay, Bukidnon, founded by Fr. Abbot
Eduardo Africa and run by the Benedictine Monks.
The pyramid-like structure was designed by the
National Artist for Architecture, Leandro Locsin. It is
one of his last designs and considered as one of his
best, aside from the Cultural Center of the Philippines
and Davao International Airport.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Monastery of the Transfiguration of Bukidnon
 Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin
• The church is located at the town of Sagay, Camiguin
Island. The original church was built in 1882 using coral
stones, but the old infrastructures were too weak. It was
retrofitted with steel bars using modern building
techniques. The unique things you can find in the
church are the driftwood chandeliers and altar.
• The builders used local materials, particulary woven
bamboo skin which highlights the local traditions of the
island.
Lesson 3: ARCHITECTURE
Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maitum Jar
• An earthen vessel for secondary burial from Sarangani
province. These artifacts were first discovered in 1991
and are now in the protection of the National
Museum.
• Some experts argue that these jars are not only
artistically significant, they also hold key information
of historical and anthropological importance.
Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maitum Jar
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
T’boli Wood Carving and Brass Casting and Pottery
• Wood carves get their inspiration from the wildlife
in their local area.
• Artisans use the lost-wax casting method to
produce more copies of sculpture with intricate
designs such as bells, boxes, and figures. The mold
is made form wax then using this mold, covers it
with clay. Molten brass is then poured into the clay
cast which melts and replaces the wax to form the
finished product.
Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
T’boli Wood Carving and Brass Casting and Pottery
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Rarub-A-Klong – a metallic armor made of brass
plates, carabao horn, and interlocking ringlets. It is a
protective armor of Moro warriors as a counterpart
to the vest used by the Spanish soldiers.
Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Rarub-a-klong
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Kampilan – a single-edged steel sword with handle
made of hand carved ivory in a form of the head of
the naga or a serpent, handcrafted gold, and hanged
horse hair at the bottom of the handle.
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Kampilan
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Batige – a large manually carved wooden top
inlaid with mother-of-pearl. It is used by adult
males to test their skills and strength.
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Batige
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Kendi – a heirloom teapot or kettle used for hot
water, coffee or tea.
• Gador – a large intricate decorated white metal
tobacco container. It has become an item of
interior decoration in proper Maranao households.
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Kendi
 Lesson 4: SCULPTURES
Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
• Gador
 Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Balanghay/Balanghai
• Also known as balangay or Butuan Boat
• A large wooden boat used by the pre-colonial
Filipinos to traverse the seas for trade or
migration.
• It was first mentioned in the 16th Century in the
Chronicles of Pigafetta, and is known as the
oldest Pre-Hispanic watercraft found in the
Philippines.
 Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Balanghay/Balanghai
• Archeologists found parts of the balangay in
Butuan City in 1976.
• These artifcats are dated from anywhere between
320-1250 CE.
• They are estimated to measure fifteen meters long
and 3-4 meters wide, propelled by sail of buri or
nipafiber or padding, and holds60 to 90 people.
 Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Balanghay/Balanghai
• It was used for cargo and raiding purposes, serving
as evidence that Butuan played a central role in
trade.
• The finely built boat, constructed without the use
of blueprints was taught from one generation to
another.
• This technique is still used by boat makers of
Sibutu Island.
Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Balanghay/Balanghai
 Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Vinta
• This boat is traditionally made by the Badjaos
who live in the Sulu archipelago.
• A sail that consists of several colors and
geometric shapes representing the colorful
culture and history of the Muslim people.
• These boats are small and not meant to be used
for long ocean travel.
 Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Vinta
• These are used for livelihood activities such as
fishing and diving for pearls and transportation
around archipelago.
Lesson 5: FUNCTIONAL ART
Vinta
 W W W. R E A L LY G R E AT S I T E . C O M

Thank
you