GASTRITIS

PRESENTED BY-
Ms. Sweta Singh
Nursing tutor
 INTRODUCTION
• Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric or stomach.
• The gastritis is classified as acute and chronic.
• The inflammation may involve either the whole stomach (pangastritis)
or a limited area of the stomach/ antral portion (antral gastritis).
Definition-
Gastritis is a condition characterized by an inflammation of the gastric
mucosa.
Types-
• Acute gastritis- It is a sudden inflammation or swelling in the lining
of the stomach.
• Chronic gastritis- It is a long term condition in which the gastric
mucosa is inflamed or irritated over a longer period of time.
Etiology and Risk factor-
• Intake of NSAID and corticosteroid drug
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori
• Intake of large quantities of gastro irritating foods
• Alcohol
• Kidney failure disease
• Prolonged vomiting
• Gastric surgical procedures
Pathophysiology-
Due to any etiology

Disruption of gastric mucosal barrier

Back of diffusion of acid into gastric mucosa

Inflammation of gastric mucosa

Mucosal edema

Acute gastritis

Prolonged inflammation of gastric mucosal cells

 Chronic gastritis

Atrophy of parietal cells

Inhibition of intrinsic factor production

Deficient absorption of cobalamine (vit B12) from terminal ileum

Cobalamine deficiency

Parnicious anemia and neurologic complication

Clinical manifestations-
• Anorexia
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Epigastric discomfort
• Fullness sensation
• Hiccups
• Heartburn
• Belching
• Unpleasant sour taste
Diagnostic evaluation-
• History taking
• CBC- To determine anemia
• Serum cobalamin levels- <100pg/ml suggests autoimmune gastritis
• Serum antibody test- Antiparietal and anti- intrinsic factor antibodies
in the serum suggests autoimmune gastritis.
• Stool examination- To check the presence of blood
• H.Pylori testing
• Endoscopy- The gastric mucosa appears edematouswith copious
mucus and hemorrhagic spots.
• Biopsy of gastric tissue
Management-
Medical management-
• Antiemetic drug
• Proton pump inhibitor- Pantaprozole
• H2 receptor blocker- rantidine
• Antacids- Aluminum magnesium to neutralize existing gastric acid
• Mucosal barrier fortifiers- Sucralfate to protect the mucosal barrier
Dietary management-
• Patient should take nonirritating diet consisting of six small feedings a
day.
• Patient should not eat certain food items such as spicy, irritating,
caffeine , alcohol to avoid epigastric distress.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol.
Nursing diagnosis-
• Fluid volume deficit related to nausea and vomiting.
• Pain related to gastric inflammation
• Imbalanced nutrition- less than the body requirements related to the
inability to ingest, digest.
• Anxiety related to hospitalization.