Electricity

TODAY’S Focus
Introduction

Electric Current
 Electric Charge

Circuits, Symbols and

Components
 Voltage

Law Of Conservation of Energy

 Sustainable ways

Various ways of harnessing

electricity
 Introduction
We use Electricity everyday in
our lives. These days, schools
have installed smartboards in
classes which require electricity.
We use phones. We use bulbs
for lights and fans for air. Today
we will discuss about this
curious topic.
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ELECTRIC
CURRENT
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 The electricity moves from the
positive terminal of the cell to the
negative terminal of a cell. This is
called Electric Current. It is measured
in AMPERES.
(It requires a conductor.
It is measure with an Ammeter.
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ELECTRIC
CHARGE
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When Negative Charge and Positive
CHarge (Opposite Charges) Interact
with each other, They attract each
other. When The same Charges
interact with each other, they repel
each other. This is called ELectric
Charge. It is measured in
COulumb(C).
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 What is an electric circuit?

DIRECTION OF

It is a complete path ELECTRIC CURRENT

through which electric

current flows.

It should be constructed in
an unbroken loop.

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 What can electric Electric circuits play a crucial role

circuits do? in our daily lives.

It allows specific It allows light It helps trains move It enables the

devices to produce bulbs to light and makes travelling cooling system of a
heat and sound. up. to work or school refrigerator to work.
easier.

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Circuit Components Shown below are circuit components and their
corresponding electrical symbols:

battery closed switch open switch

Cell Bulb Wire

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What makes an electric A simple circuit consists of a battery (or
other source), a light bulb (or other load) and
circuit complete? conducting wires.

COMPONENT

SYMBOL

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 Bulb Cel
An electric cell is a device,
It is an object
through which
l
which converts chemical
energy into electrical
energy. It has two
light glows
terminals, which are made
when electricity up of metal: one terminal is
flows through it. positive ( + ), while the other
It consists of a one is negative ( - ). When
the two terminals are
glass body, a
connected to an electrical
filament etc. device, electric current
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flows through it.
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Closed and
Batter Opened Switch
y
A collection of
cells is called a
A switch that is
turned on is called
Closed Switch.
battery. A switch that is
turned of is called
Open Switch.

Wire
A long metal rod that can be bent,
covered by rubber that can carry
electricity or signals is called a wire
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Voltage describes the
“pressure” that pushes OHMs Law is used to find
electricity. The amount of Voltage
voltage is indicated by a unit
known as the volt (V), and V=IR

higher voltages cause more

I = Current
electricity to flow to an
R= Resistance
electronic device. V= Voltage
It is measured by a voltmeter.
Law Of Conservation of Energy mentions
that energy can neither be created or
destroyed.
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SUSTAINABILIT
Y
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• Turning of the fans and bulbs when not in use.
• Install SolarPanels.
• Use Windmills for energy.
• Use Geothermal Energy (Energy extracted from the Earth’s
interior)
• Use Hydro energy (Water Energy)
• Organic Matter called Biomass produce Bio energy which can be
used for producing transportation fuels and heat etc.
VARIOUS WAYS OF
HARNESSING
ELECTRICITY

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 Turning Lemons
into Electricity
Find out how a lemon-powered clock
works.

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Vide
o
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Question
Time
Circuit or Circus? Which of these circuits would work?

A B C
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Circuit or Circus? Which of these circuits would work?

ANSWER
KEY

A metal screw is a
A plastic toothbrush
A plastic comb is not a conductor conductor of electricity,
is not a conductor of electricity,
of electricity. but the power source
and a power source is missing.
is missing.

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 ROBIN SAYS THAT THE MOLECULES(ENERGY) MOVE FROM POSITIVE
CHARGE TO NEGATIVE CHARGE WHILE TOM SAYS THAT MOLECULES MOVE
FROM NEGATIVE CHARGE TO POSITIVE CHARGE. WHO IS CORRECT?

ROBIN

TOM

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 ROBIN SAYS THAT THE MOLECULES(ENERGY) MOVE FROM POSITIVE
CHARGE TO NEGATIVE CHARGE WHILE TOM SAYS THAT MOLECULES MOVE
FROM NEGATIVE CHARGE TO POSITIVE CHARGE. WHO IS CORRECT?

ROBIN

TOM

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