ELECTRIC CURRENTS,

CIRCUITS, & OHM’S LAW

BY; MS. RHENZ MARIELLE M. PASION, LPT
 LESSON OUTLINE

01 02 03 04 05
Electric
Electric Problem
Introduction Circuits & its Ohm’s Law
Currents Solving
Components
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
ELECTRICITY IS THE INTERACTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGES.

Electric charges are a fundamental property

of protons and electrons, which make up
every atom. Positive and negative charges
are the two types of electric charges.
Protons possess a positive charge, whereas
electrons carry a negative charge.
Electric
Currents
 ELECTRIC CURRENT
CURRENT ELECTRICITY IS A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

Current is defined as the quantity of charge that flows past a given point per
unit of time. The standard unit of measurement for current is the ampere (A).

DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

A type of electric current where the charges flow in one direction
only. Batteries are an example of a direct current source.

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)

A type of electric current that flows in one direction, then the reverse
direction, repeatedly. The electric current supplied by power
companies to homes is an example of AC.
 Circuits
Exploring the components of a circuit
PARTS OF A CIRCUIT ELECTRIC
Energy source: An electric field created by a battery's
positively and negatively charged terminals attracts and
repels charges, providing the push to keep them moving
CIRCUITS
through a closed circuit.
LOAD
Load: A component in a circuit that consumes electrical
ENERGY SOURCE
energy to perform a function, such as generating light or
motion, and resists the flow of electric current, causing a
voltage drop.

Wires: A low-resistance conductor that carries current in a WIRES

circuit, connecting components. Material and thickness are
selected based on distance, current, and voltage for
efficient and safe operation.

Switch: A switch controls a circuit by connecting or

SWITCH
disconnecting two metal pieces. When the pieces touch, the
circuit closes; when they separate, the circuit opens.
 TYPES OF

SERIES
CIRCUITS
CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH A CLOSED CIRCUIT, A
LOOP WITH NO BREAKS, BUT AN OPEN CIRCUIT HAS
A BREAK AND STOPS THE CURRENT FLOW.

There are several options for connecting multiple loads in a

PARALLEL
circuit. Here are the two of the most common approaches:

Series circuit: This involves connecting the loads in a line

or series, allowing the current to flow from one load to
the next in a single path.
Parallel circuit: Here, the loads divide the current amount
of the different devices, creating a parallel connection.
 What is an electric circuit?
DIRECTION OF

It is a complete path ELECTRIC CURRENT

through which electric

current flows.

It should be
constructed in an
unbroken loop.
What makes an electric A simple circuit consists of a battery
(or other source), a light bulb (or other
circuit complete? load) and conducting wires.

COMPONENT

SYMBOL
Other Circuit Shown below are other circuit
components and their corresponding
Components electrical symbols:

battery closed switch open switch

resistor motor fuse

What happens A dry cell provides the ‘push’ needed
for electrons to flow in the loop.
in a circuit?
These electrons are already present
in the wires.

When these electrons pass through

a load or a receiver, electrical
energy can change into other forms,
such as light, heat and sound.
Completing the Circuit

Given a bulb, a wire and a cell,

can you suggest:

1 way to connect them to

get the bulb to light up?

1 way to connect them such

that the bulb does not light up?
Completing
the Circuit

Bulb lights up Bulb does not light up

What can electric Electric circuits play a crucial role
in our daily lives.
circuits do?

It allows specific It allows It helps trains It enables the

devices to light bulbs move and makes cooling system
produce heat to light up. travelling to work of a refrigerator
and sound. or school easier. to work.
 Review
What is an electric circuit?

Some of its components A complete circuit

It is a complete path
include wires, a bulb features an unbroken
through which electric
and a power source loop where charges
current flows.
(cell or battery). can flow.
 Ohm's Law describes the relationship between
electric current and voltage in a conductor, stating
that the amount of electric current flowing through a
conductor is directly proportional to the voltage that
is causing the current to flow.

I is the current (measured in amperes)

V is the voltage (measured in volts)

V R is the resistance of the conductor

I R
(measured in ohms)

Divide V by R to find the current.

OHM'S LAW Divide V by I to find resistance.

SAMPLE FOR CURRENT
SAMPLE FOR VOLTAGE
SAMPLE FOR RESISTANCE
 ELECTROMAGNETISM
Physicist Hans Christian Oersted was the first to discover
that electric current produces a magnetic field around a wire.
Faraday's
To produce a strong magnetic field, wrap coils of wire around an iron Electromagnetic
rod. Current passing through the coils of wire magnetizes the rod, Induction
producing a powerful magnet, called an electromagnet. The more
loops in the coil the stronger the magnetic field. The process of creating an electric
current by moving a conductor
Electromagnets are used in electric through a magnetic field or by varying
motors, loudspeakers, television the magnetic field around it.
sets, doorbells, trains, and many
The majority of the electricity
other devices. supplied to homes is generated
using electromagnetic induction.