Name and Formula Uses

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Food Preparation

Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) Known as silica gel which
absorbs water
Potassium Iodide (KI) Iodine supplement in iodizes salt

Silver Nitrate (AgNO2) Antiseptic and Germicide

Aluminum Choride (AlCL2) Used in deodorants

Potassium Nitrate (KNO2) Used in gunpowder, matches and

fireworks
Covalent Bond
 Is a chemical bond formed through
the sharing of one or more pairs of
electrons between two atoms.
 Non metal to non metal
Types of Covalent Bonding
 Polar Covalent
 Non Polar Covalent
 Polar Covalent
 Atoms are unequally shared by the atoms and
spend more time close to one atom than another.
 It usually happens in two different atoms.
 Electronegativity from zero 0 – less than 0.4
 Example: Hydrogen and Chlorine
 Non-polar Covalent
 Form between two atoms of the same element, or
between atoms of different elements that share
electrons more or less equally.
 It usually happens with the same atoms.
 Electronegativity from 0.4 – 1.78
 Example: oxygen and oxygen
Common Covalent Compounds
Properties Ionic Bond Covalent Bond
Conductivity Low conductivity Very low conductivity
Hardness Very hard/Brittle Not very hard
Melting point/ High melting point/ Low melting point/
Boiling point High boiling point Boiling point
Volatility Low volatility High volatility
Solubility Usually soluble in water Usually insoluble in water
but insoluble in organic but in organic solvent
solvents such as alcohol, such as alcohol, benzene,
benzene, propane propane