Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Eskimos); North
American Indians to south
• Vikings found Vinland
(Newfoundland) about
A.D. 1000; later abandon http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/07/21/
viking-discovery-lanse-aux-meadows.html
The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry
Colonization by France and Britain
• French explorers claim much of
Canada in 1500–1600s as “New
France”
• British settlers colonize the
Atlantic Coast
• Coastal fisheries and inland fur
trade important to both countries http://www.google.com/imgres?
q=new+france+map+1600s&um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=
6PTW2i87bQx9GM:&imgrefurl
http://trailblazer-guides.com/book/trans-canada-rail-guide
Urban and Industrial Growth
• Farming gives way to urban industrialization,
manufacturing
– within 100 miles of U.S. border due to climate,
land, transportation
• Canada becomes major economic power in
20th century
http://
www.trailcanada.com/
destinations/cities/
Governing Canada
The Parliamentary System
• In 1931 Canada becomes independent,
British monarch is symbolic head
• Parliamentary government:
– parliament—legislature combining
legislative and executive functions
– consists of an appointed Senate, elected
House of Commons
Justin
– prime minister, head of government, is Trudeau is
majority party leader the current
• All ten provinces have own legislature Prime
Minister of
and premier (prime minister) Canada.
– federal government administers the
territories
Section 2: Economy and Culture of Canada
• Canada is highly industrialized and urbanized, with one
of the world’s most developed economies.
• Canadians are a diverse people. Winnipeg
winnipeg.htm
http://www.traveltocanadanow.com/
Toronto
ve r
co u
Van
vancouver-olympics-games-2010/
http://www.wayfaring.info/2008/12/08/
http://www.geostoronto.com/about_city
An Increasingly Diverse Economy
The Early Fur Trade
• Beginning in 1500s Native Americans, now known as the
First Nations:
– begin trade with European fishermen along Atlantic coast
• French and English trappers and traders expand westward
• Voyageurs—French-Canadian boatmen transport pelts to
trading posts
http://www.nps.gov/voya/historyculture/the-fur-trade.htm
Canada’s Primary Industries
• Farming, logging, mining,
fishing: 10% of gross
domestic product
– Canada is the world’s leading http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2010/05/17/
forest-agreement.html
http://www.canada.com/business/fp/Conference+Board+gloomy+profit+outlook/5261819/story.html
Service Industries Drive the Economy
• Most Canadians work in service
industries, which create 60% of GDP
– finance, utilities, trade, transportation,
communication, insurance
– land’s natural beauty makes tourism the http://www.canadaupdates.com/content/
canadian-tourism-commission-gears-attract-
tourists
manufacturing
• Oldest university, Laval, established
in Quebec by French
• English universities founded in Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick in 1780s
• Today, Canada has a 97% literacy
Sports and Recreation
• Popular sports: skating, ice
hockey, fishing, skiing, golf,
hunting
– Canada has own football
league; other pro teams play in U.S.
leagues
– native peoples developed lacrosse,
European settlers developed
hockey
• Annual festivals include Quebec
Winter Carnival, Calgary http://www.buckinghampalacenews.com/wp/prince-william-kate-canada-details/474
Stampede
Section 3: Sub regions of Canada
• Canada is divided into four sub regions: the
Atlantic, Core, Prairie Provinces, and the
Pacific Province and then the Territories.
• Each sub region possesses unique natural
resources, landforms, economic activities, and
cultural life.
The Atlantic Provinces
Harsh Lands and Small Populations
• Eastern Canada’s Atlantic Provinces:
– Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
• Only 8% of Canada’s population, due to rugged terrain, harsh
weather
• Most people live in coastal cities such as:
– Halifax, Nova Scotia
– St. John, New Brunswick
• 85% of Nova Scotia is rocky
hills, poor soil
• 90% of New Brunswick is forested
• Newfoundland has severe
storms
http://golf-for-beginners.blogspot.com/2010/08/golf-in-coastal-provinces-of-atlantic.html
The Core Provinces—Quebec and Ontario
The Heartland of Canada
• Quebec City: French explorer Samuel de
Champlain built fort in 1608
• 60% Canada’s population live in Core
Provinces Ontario and Quebec
– Ontario has largest population;
Quebec has largest land area
Canada’s Political and Economic Center
• Ottawa, Ontario is the national
capital
• Quebec has great political
http://www.planetware.com/picture/ottawa-rideau-canal-cdn-cdn1048.htm
importance in French-Canadian The Rideau Canal in Ottawa
life freezes during the winter,
and is used for ice skating!
• Core: 35% of Canada’s crops,
45% of minerals, 70% of
manufacturing
• Toronto the largest city, finance
hub; Montreal second largest
The Prairie Provinces
Canada’s Breadbasket
• Great Plains Prairie
Provinces: Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta
• 50% of Canada’s
agricultural production,
60% of mineral output Alberta