TRIPLE

BONDS:
I know “Alkyne” do
it!
WHAT ARE ALKYNES?

In Organic Chemistry, an alkyne is an

unsaturated hydrocarbon containing
at least one carbon-carbon triple
bond. Like other hydrocarbons,
alkynes are generally hydrophobic.
 GENERAL FORMULA
Cn H2n-2
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Carbon-carbon triple bond.
The triple bond is known as the
“Acetylenic Bond.”
Ethyne (C2H2) is the first
member of the alkyne family,
with two carbon atoms
connected by a triple bond.
Ethyne is more commonly
known under the trivial name
acetylene.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
When the conditions are favorable, alkynes undertake
hydration reactions. When alkynes respond with
halogens, hydrogen, and other similar characteristic
elements, a saturated molecule gets produced. Because
they have a triple bond, they can accept two hydrogen
atoms, halides, or halogens.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
• DEHYDRATION
ADDITION
When we add hydrogen to an alkyne, we have an alkene.

• HALOGEN ADDITION
When alkynes and halogens react, the halogen bonds towards the
structure of the alkynes will likely result in halogen-exchanged
alkenes. The final product will be tetrachloroethane (C2H2Cl4).
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
• WATER ADDITION
Alkynes do not respond with water molecules, this is
known as immiscibility. This method is called hydration
reaction and the final product would be carbonyl
molecules, such as aldehydes and ketones.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
As with hydrocarbons in general,
alkynes are non-polar and are insoluble
in water but soluble in non-polar organic
solvents. There are two types of alkynes:
terminal and internal.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
• TERMINAL ALKYNES
A terminal alkyne is an alkyne in whose molecule there is at least one
hydrogen atom bonded to a triply bonded carbon atom.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
ALKYNES
• INTERNAL ALKYNES
An internal alkyne is an alkyne in whose molecule there are no
hydrogen atoms bonded to triply bonded carbon atoms.
NAMING AND WRITING
FORMULA FOR
ALKYNES
• Count the number atom in the longest
continuous chain
• Add the suffix "yne"
• Number the carbon atoms, start from the end
nearest to a substituent.
• Identify and name any substituent
• Write the substituent names as prefix with a
hypen and indicate their position on the chain
using numbers
 EXAMPLE:
A.) CH - C - CH2 - CH3
B.) CH3 - C - C - CH2 - CH3
 REACTION AND EXAMPLE OF
ALKYNES
HYDROGENAT
Hydrogenation is a reduction reaction which results in an addition of
ION
hydrogen (usually as H2). If an organic compound is hydrogenated, it
becomes more "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. The process typically
requires the use of a catalyst, since hydrogenation only occurs
spontaneously at high temperatures.

Ex. Alkyne + H - H ➡ Alkene

 REACTION AND EXAMPLE OF
ALKYNES
HALOGENATIO
NGenerally, halogenation is the reaction of a halogen with an
alkane in which the introduction of halogen atoms occurs
into the organic molecule by an addition reaction or by a
substitution reaction.

Ex. Yne + BR - BR ➡ Dibromo alkene

 REACTION AND EXAMPLE OF
ALKYNES
HYDROHALOGENA
TION
Breaking a carbon to carbon double bond,
followed by the electrophilic addition of a
hydrogen atom and halogen

Ex. Yne + H - Cl ➡ Chloro Alkene

 REACTION AND EXAMPLE OF
ALKYNES
HYDRATION (H -
OH)
a chemical reaction in which a substance
combines with water. In organic chemistry, water
is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is
usually an alkene or an alkyne.

Ex. Yne + H - OH ➡ Alkene with Alcohol group

USES AND APPLICATION OF
ALKYNES
 USES AND APPLICATION OF
ALKYNES
• WELDING & CUTTING: Since ethyne has a very hot flame, it is
commonly used in oxyacetylene gas welding and oxyacetylene
gas cutting. As ethyne is burned with oxygen, the resulting flame
is known to have a temperature of about 3600 Kelvin.

• PORTABLE LIGHTING: Acetylene was first used to light

portable lamps, which were known as acetylene gas lamps,
installed in homes, bicycles and on cars.
 USES AND APPLICATION OF
ALKYNES
• RIPEN FRUITS: Alkynes are commonly used to artificially ripe
fruits. (acetylene)Alkynes are used to artificially ripen fruits as a
general anesthetic for making poisonous mustard gas.

• POLYMERS: A polymer is a macro-molecule that consists of

many repeated subunits. For example, vinyl chloride is used as the
preliminary material for PVC.
 USES AND APPLICATION OF
ALKYNES
• PLASTICS: Ethylene is derived from acetylene, which helps in the
production of the polyethylene plastics. (the most widely used
plastic in the world)

• ANTI TUMOR AGENT: Many alkynes are dangerous for humans

when used in pharmaceuticals. However, specific alkynes, known as
ene-diynes, hold a very strong and aggressive anti-tumor compound.
Calicheamicin is an example of an anti-tumor working agent.
TRIVIA
TIME!
 TRIVIA
TIME!
What is commonly used as a substitute for
acetylene as fuel for welding torches? It is
also being investigated as possible fuel for
rockets in spacecraft?
 ANSWER:
PROPYNE ALSO
KNOWN AS
METHYLACETYLEN
 TRIVIA
TIME!
What do you call a gas produced
by mixing ethyne and oxygen
that produces hot flames which
are used in cutting and welding?
 ANSWER:
OXY-ACETYLENE,
ALSO KNOWN AS
OXYETHYNE
 REFEREN
Admin. (2022, August 2). Alkynes - preparation, properties, structure & examples with videos.

CES
BYJUS. https://byjus.com/chemistry/introduction-to-alkyne/?
fbclid=IwAR16x7B3u7JjUWvXjLJsdmcqch-jLcqoMYVbjNSFU-zUp3g_PPO2hx0ST1c

Admin. (2020). 16 uses of alkynes. All Uses Of. https://allusesof.com/chemical/16-uses-of-

alkynes/#google_vignette

A Short Note On Alkynes:Terminal Vs Internal. (2022, May 10). Unacademy.

https://unacademy.com/content/neet-ug/study-material/chemistry/a-short-note-on-alkynesterminal-
vs-internal/?fbclid=IwAR098S5Cy2AotcIWCTrJ-JrSShAwt3YK-
eU5zYK86IJnluDQLQs1wspAx2U
THAN
K
YOU!