Laws of indices –Exponents and

Roots
 Exponents - repeated multiplication by itself. means that x is multiplied by x, n times.

 In the expression, ‘n’ is called the exponent or index, and ‘x’ is called the base. is read as ‘x
to the power n’, or ‘x raised to the power n’.

 When n is 2, it’s called squaring and when it’s 3, it’s called cubing.

 If x is positive, then is always positive.

 If x is negative, then can be either positive or negative. This depends on the value of n.

 If x is negative and n is even and greater than zero, then is positive. But, if n is negative
then is a negative value.
 Laws of indices
 The following are some of the important laws of indices:

 1.
 2.
 3. =
 4. =
 5. = (b)
 6. = 1, if a
 7. = , if a
 8. = , called the nth root of a
 9. = , called the nth root of
 10. When the bases of two equal numbers are equal, their powers are also equal, provided the base is not 0 or 1.

 For example, if = , then m=2.

 Exercise

If ×


 =
8P/5 = 56
P = 56 X 5/8 = 35
 Exercise

If


 =>

 3 + p = -1

p=-4
 Exercise

 Recall =
 = = 50625
 So the given number is a power of 15
 50625 = 15 x 3375 = 15 x 15 x 225
 - 15 x 15 x 15 x 15 =
 = p = 4
 Exercise

If
and
also
 = =
 = = z = 0.14
 Exercise

 ;


 6561 = =
 =
 - a =4
 Therefore = = = 9
 Exercise

Numbers ending in 25 are multiples of 25.

therefore 390625 = 25 x 15625 = 25 x 25 x 625
- 390625 = =
= = (a+b) = 8 ……………….(1)
= =
= = (a-b) = 4 ………………(2)
a+b = 8
a-b = 4 --- a = 6
 Exercise

 Simplify:
 512 = 16 =

 = = = x2 =2
 Exercise

and are > 1 such that

 then

 216 =
 a = 6 and b = 3
 - =(
 = = 49
 Exercise

 For any natural number is always

A) Odd
B) Even
C) Either even or odd
D) Cannot be determined
Let n = 1 then = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 is ODD
Let n = 2 then = 16 + 4 + 1 = 21 is ODD
Ans : (A)
 Exercise

1)
a) 16 b) 81 c) 625 d) 1 e) 0
From the options given clearly ‘a’ cannot be any of the four odd numbers.
Let a = 16 then
+
=4* +4*
= 4 * ½ + 4 * 2 = 2 = 8 = 10 TRUE
 Exercise

 If and are two positive integers and which of the following cannot be the value
of ()?
A) 29 B) 25 C) 20 D) 50 E)101
Given m x n = 100

Option m x n = 100 M+n=

A) 29 25 x 4 = 100 25 + 4 = 29
B) 25 20 x 5 = 100 20 + 5 = 25
C) 20 10 X 10 = 100 10 + 10 = 20
D) 50 50 X 2 = 100 50 + 2 = 52
E) 101 100 X 1 = 100 100 + 1=101
 Exercise

1) Find the value of x for the equation

a) 5 B) 6 C) 4 D) 7 e) 8

= 486
X2 = 486
= 243 =
x-1 = 5 OR x =6
the better way is to go by the trial and error method
 Exercise

1) A, B, C are positive integers. If B equals the square root of A and if C equals the sum of A
and B, which of the following could be the value of C? select all that apply.
a) 41 b) 90 c) 57 d) 20 e) 306

Option C =A+ B
B=
A) 41 36 += 36 + 6 = 42
Find A + B) 90 81 + = 81 + 9 = 90
C) 57 49 + = 49 + 7 = 56
D) 20 16 + = 16 + 4 = 20
E) 306 289 + = 289 +17 = 306
 Exercise

Column A Column B

1
 Exercise

Column A Column B

= 1
 Exercise

Column A Column B

0.01
 Exercise

 Find ‘n’
 =
 81 = 27 =
 ==
 =

 x =
 -- 4n + 4n -12 = 27  8n = 39 or n = 39/8
 Exercise

 Find ‘n’

5x
=
n+1 = 3n -3
2n = 4 = n=2
 Exercise

 If = ; what is the greatest possible value of x?

 =

 -- 5 = =
 = x = 5/4
 Exercise

)-4 Is equal to : A) B) C)
D) E)
 Indicate all the correct answers
a) = x
b) = x =
c) = =
d) =
e)
 Exercise

 The fat content in one litre of milk is 4.2*10-6 milligrams. In double skim milk it
is a million times lesser. What is the fat content in the double skim milk?
A) 4.2
B) 4.2*10-11
C) 4.2*10-12
D) 4.2*10-1
E) 4.2*10-6/5
 Exercise
•The population of bacteria doubles every 30 minutes. At 4 p.m. on Monday, the
population was 600.
Column A Column B

What is the population at

70
2:30 p.m.
 Exercise

 Simplify :
 (1.48*1024)(2.5*10-22)
 Exercise

 If a4 is the greatest common divisor of positive integers a and b, and a 6 is the least
common multiple of a and b, then ab=
A) a10
B) a24
C) a12
D) a6
E) a4
 Note:

 HCF of 8 and 12 = 4
 LCM of 8 and 12 = 24
 24 x 4 = 96
 8 x 12 = 96


 The product of two numbers = Their LCM x HCF

 ( The HCF should be a factor of the LCM )
 Exercise

 If 3k=5 what is 33k+3



 = 33k x 33 =
 Exercise

 If x and y are positive then

A) 4
B) 4
C)4
 Exercise
1) If )N > -9 Which of the following could be the value of N?
 Indicate all possible values
a) -10
b) -7
c) -3
d) 0
e) 1
f) 3
g) -2
h) 2
i) 10
 Exercise

 then find ‘x’

 = - x + y = 4 ----------------- (1)
 = -- x – 2y = -3 ----------------- (2)
 From ‘1’ 2x + 2y = 8
 x – 2y = -3
 3x = 5 -- x = 5/3
 Exercise

 =
A) 2-2 B) 2-3 C) 2+3 D) 2+ E) 2

To rationalise the denominator , multiply and divide by the

conjugate. a+ is the conjugate of a- .
 Exercise

 What is 3 percent of
A) 0.005
B) 0.02
C) 0.05
D) 0.2
E) 0.5
 Exercise

 The speed of a space ship is 2×1010 Kilometre per year. How many years will it
take the space ship to travel 2.5 ×1040 Kilometres?
 Exercise

 K is a positive number. If k is twice its reciprocal and j is twice k then jk=

A) 2
B) 4
C) 4
D) 8
E) 8
 Exercise

 Which of the following equations is true for all possible values of x and y?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
 Exercise

 If a = - ;
 Then find ( 1-a) 2
 Exercise

 If 5a= 7b= 6 then 490ab2 is

 Exercise

 If × and a, b and c are different positive integers then

 =
A)

B) 1100
C) 1101
D) 1110
E) 1111
 exercise

 If 5 x = 80 then find ‘n’

 exercise

 Simplify :

 + + =
 exercise

If xx is a positive number and equals to +------

where the given expression extends to an infinite number of roots, then what is the value of x?
A. 6√6
B. 3
C. 1+6√1+6
D. 23√23
E. 6