MUET SZAB

CAMPUS
KHAIRPUR MIR’S

MEASURMENT AND
INSTRUMENTATION
 INTRODUCTION

 GROUP MEMBER :
 K-19ES04
 K-19ES43
 K-1819ES33

TOPIC : LIGHT SENSOR ,PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT

AND DIFFERENT TYPE OF LIGHT SENSOR

SUBMITTED TO :MA’AM FALAK NAZ

 LIGHT SENSOR

 Light Sensors are photoelectric devices that

convert light energy (photons) whether it
ranges from the visible or infra-red light
into an electrical (electrons) signal
 Light sensor works on the principle of
photo electric effect .
 Light sensor is a passive device .
 Light sensor commonly known as
photoelectric devices or photo sensor.
 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

 When a light of sufficient

energy is incident on a metal
plate there electrons are
ejected out and can form
electric current. This
phenomenon is called photo
electric effect.
 Light Sensor Categories

 Light sensor can be grouped into two main categories.

generate electricity when change their

illuminated. Electrical property.

Photo emissive photo voltaic photo resistor photoconductor

 PHOTO EMISSIVE CELL

• • These are photo devices which

release free electrons from a light
sensitive material such as cesium when
struck by a photon of sufficient energy.
• The amount of energy the photons
have depends on the frequency of the
light and the higher the frequency, the
more energy the photons have
converting light energy into electrical
energy.
 CONSTRUCTION

 Two types of emissive cell

vaccum type or gas filled.
 Consist of two electrode
cathode and anode
 Cathode: coated with
photosensitive material like
sodium potassium cesium
 Anode: straight wire made
up of nickel or platinum.
 Evacauted glass or quartz
bulb
 Working

 Photo electron flow from cathode to anode,

electron ionize the gas and the filled and
hence current gets modifies.

Application:
 Television
 photometry
 fire-Alarm
 Photo conductive cell

 Photo devices vary their

electrical resistance when
subjected to light photo
conductivity results from light
hitting a semi conductor
material which control the
current flow through it.
 Thus, more light increase the
current for a given applied
voltage most common photo
conductive material is cadmium
sulphied use in LDR
 CONSTRUCTION

 Consist of thin film of

semi conductor like
selenium or thallium
sulphide places below a
thin film of semi
transparent metal.
 The iron base and
transparent metal film
is connected through
battery and resistance
 WORKING

When light falls on the cell it’s

resistance decreases and hence,
the current starts flowing in
the external circuit.
 APPLICATION

 Making street light turn on and off

automatically according to level of
day night.
 In, security devices such as motion
sensing light and cameras in Alarm
system.
 PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

 Photo devices generate

emf in proportional to the
radiant light energy
received .
 The most common photo
voltaic material in
selenium used in solar
cell.
 CONSTRUCTION

It consist of semi

conductor or layer
formed on the surface of
metal plate by either heat
treatment or cathode
spattering
A firm of semi-
tranasparent metal is
coated over the semi-
conductor.
 WORKING

 Light energy fall on the P-N junction produce a

potential difference across it, This voltage is capabale
of driving a current through an external circuit .
 Current is proportional to the intensity of incident
light .
 APPLICATION

PHOTO-METER
SOLAR POWER
CALCULATOR