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Paper: CC-5
Inorganic Chemistry
Chapter -6
Co-ordination compounds
Lecture-1
by
Ligands
Chelates
Example:
Example: [Cu(NH3)4]2+
In complex ion-
(i) The central metal ion is Lewis acid and can accept pair of electrons.
(ii) Ligands are Lewis base and can donate pair of electrons.
(iii) Co-ordinate bonds are formed between ligands and metal ion
L Mn+
Ligand Metal ion
Lewis base Lewis acid
(electron pair donar) (electron pair acceptor)
(i) Monodentate ligands: Denticity-1, Such ligands can donate one pair of
electrons only.
Eg. NH3, CN-, H2O etc.
(ii) Didentate or bidentate ligands: Denticity -2, Such ligands can donate
two pair of electrons to the central metal ion.
-
OOC-COO- (oxalato), CH3-C=N-OH
Dimethyl glyoxime (DMG)
CH3-C=N-OH
(iii) Polydentate ligands: Denticity >2, Such ligands can donate three or
more pair of electrons to the central metal ions.
EDTA : ethylenediamminetetraacetic acid (Denticity-6)
It is a hexadentate ligands but behave as bidentate or tetradentate. So, it is
called flexidentate.
CHELATING LIGANDS: Bidentate and poly dentate ligands form ring
compounds with the central metal ion. Such ligands are called chelating ligands
and the complex is called chelate.
2. Size of the chelate rings: Metal chelates with five membered rings have been
found to be more stable.
In 1893, Alfred Werner gave his theory on co-ordination compounds. The basic
postulates of Werner’s theory are the following:
(ii) Every metal atom tries to satisfy both its primary valency and secondary
valency.
When CoCl3 solution is reacted with ammonium solution, four types of Cobalt
amine complexes are formed.
1. Precipitating chloride ions: The cobalt amine complexes are reacted with
AgNO3 solution. White precipitate of AgCl are formed. By comparing the
number of chloride ions precipitate by Ag+, Werner successfully assigned the
correct formulation of each co-ordination compound.
CoCl3.6NH3 3 mols of AgCl ppt
CoCl3.3NH3 No ppt
Therefore, the number of ionizable chlorides ions are 3Cl-, 2Cl-, Cl- and zero,
respectively. Hence, the formula of complexes will be-