The revision of Ambo city structure plan

the study of social services in Ambo city

The first draft presentation for pubic presentation

prepared by : Gashaw Gelana
Content of the study

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

III. Finding of the study

o Education service

o Health care service

o Sport and community recreation facility

o Worshipping and cemetery service

o Social problem and social service assessment

Introduction

• Ambo is among the largest and zonal administration city in the

region

• The city located in the Oromia region, west shoe zone

• The study was conducted as the part of the revision of city

structure plan which has undertaken by the cooperated effort

of OUPI, Ambo city administration & AU

• The study is mainly part of social service study for the

revision of Ambo city structure plan

 Statement of the problem

o The has been growing over years in physical and spatial size
o A substantial demographic change and population growth
has observed
• It is must that the need for social service have to increase
overtime
• Thus, the social service provision should be assessed interims
of its distribution, accessibility and quality, in the urban
planning process to take all corrective measure as to fill the
gap, and to forecast and propose for such services for the
future need
 Objectives of the study

• The overall objective of the study is to assess the social service provision
and the social problem prevalence in Ambo city
• It may have the following specific objectives:
 To asses the availability and provision of social services in Ambo city

 To identify critical problems and existing gaps related to social service

provision
 To project the social services need of the city as a the proposals input
for the revision plan
 To asses the prevalence of major social problems in the city

 To forward possible recommendation and indicate implementation

mechanisms based on the results of the study
Scope of the study
• This study is trying to asses the social service provision in the Ambo city.
• Those scope of social service is broadly categorized and limited to;
 Education service

 Health care service

 Sport and community recreation service

 Worship and cemetery service

 Social problem and social welfare

• Under another section the major social problems in the city will be assessed.

• The spatial scope of the study is Ambo city.

• However, if applicable to their local conditions other urban centres of

Oromia Regional state also may possibly use it.

 Source of Data
o The major sources of data for the study come from both the primary and
secondary sources of data.
o Primary data: Collected from different government and non government
origination, as well as local community and community representatives
o secondary data: Different literature from books, urban planning policies,
guidelines and standards and Government reports were used as the
secondary data to support and triangulate the primary data.
 Different similar projects were also reviewed to gain the experience at international and
national level.

o In addition to the aforementioned data sources this study has also make
use of city base map to analyze the distribution of social service
institutions in the city
 Method of data collection

• Questioner-Different questioners were distributed to governmental and non

government organization exist at different administration level.

• Key informant Interview – with different organization representatives and

government officials

• Focus group discussion- With different groups like religion leaders and

government sector officers and representatives

• Public consultation- Different public meeting with city community members

and city officials

• Observation- Site visitation and participatory observation.

Method of Analysis

• The techniques of analysis used in this study are largely descriptive

statistics

• Different data Analyzing tools like SPSS and Microsoft excel were used to

analyze the quantitative data in the study

• The information obtained through the qualitative data collection

mechanism like interview, focus group discussion and public meeting were

also analyzed through qualitative thematic analyze and used to support

and triangulate those quantitative data's.

• The physical distribution and the service catchment area of some social
 Content of the study

• Education coverage • Health care • Formal sport • Worshipping place

• Education service coverage facility • Cemetery service
efficiency • Health • Community • Festival area
• Education quality professional facilities
• Proposal • Top Ten disease • Administration
• Major health and special
problem services facility
• Proposal

Religion issuerecreation facilities Health care service

Sport and Community
 Section one
Education service assessment

Education
coverage

Education
Education quality service Education
efficiency
assessment

Proposal and
recommendation
Education institution distribution by level

schools Ownership o Totally 67 education

NO level Total GVT Private institutions existed in this city
1 KG 28 9 19 o Majority of them are KG and
2 1_4 2 1 1 elementary schools
3 5_8 1 _ 1 o Shortage of some education
4 1_8 20 11 9 institutions like preparatory
5 9_10 5 4 1 and TVET identified
6 11_12 2 1 1
7 9_12 1 _ 1
8 TVET 7 2 5
9 Colleges _ _ _
10 University 1 1 0
Total 67 29 38
Education institutions distribution by location

o There is no fair distribution of education institution in the city

o Highly concentrated at the middle of the city

o There is sizable gap between the school number existed on the ground and
on the map as well
o Excluding the KG schools from total education institution, 67 schools
existed in the city.
o Yet, some schools have no their own plot and they are giving the
education service in the rental home.
Map: Education institutions distribution by level
 Distribution of schools by level and ownership
%)
(67.9
te- 19 o General domination of private schools
101 Priva •
rten
erga
(32.1
8%)  From total 67 schools 29 (43.3%) were
c- _ 9
public and 38(56.7%) private
Kind 11(47.
Publi •
te -
Priva • education institutions.
y 150 2%)
entar
5%)
12(52. o Low involvement of government
Elem
3(37.
specially at all level
c-
31 te-
Publi •
ory Priva • o Good participation of private investors
arat 5%)
prep
ol &
5%)
5(62.  It is so important to address
scho 5(62.
c-
9
high te -
Publi • accessibility problem
ity - Priva •
vers
5%)  Yet there is high complain among
uni
society about the unfair education
3(37.
&
c–
lage
Col
Publi • fee in those institutions
 School distribution by media of instruction
Media of instruction
Afaan oromo Amharic

Kindergarten Elementary
Schools (28) Schools (23)
4%
Afaan Afaan
Oromo Oromo
28(100%) 21(91.3%)

Amharic Amharic
-(-%) 2(9.7%) 96%

 Relatively better (fair) distribution of school by language of instruction

 Education participation
• Totally about 4166 6people follow
their education in the city,
• This constitute about 45% of city
population
• Factors like
 Existence of higher education
institutions and collages,
 Hinterland population influence,

 Geographical location

• Has a great implication on

 social service provision,
KG 1_8 9_10 11_12 TVET Uni-
 Transportation service,
versity
 Employment opportunity and

SN 4938 10840 5611 3846 7160 9870  Overall education service

planning
 Trend of enrollment(2004-2009)
oThe student enrollment in the city showed
Number
continues increase for the last six years

About 3016 student increase per year

oThis development occurred mainly due to

I. Community awareness

enhancement about the education

participation

II. The expansion of education

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
institution specially secondary
num 16738 21483 18345 34975 30296 34837
level and preparatory and KGber

oFemale students enrollment also showed

increase. Female students enrollment is

50.6% At this time

 Student gross Enrollment
oThe education coverage at this
Gross enrollment trend
conservation especially at KG and
Participation rate
elementary level is very diminutive,
124.896
city and national plan for
100.378
universal elementary education 88.4
66.0719
oThe net enrollment in the city can be

diminutive (75.5) than this figure by

far if we are considering

The enrollment age of students

The original place of enrolled

students
 Literacy level in city
• There is High illiteracy rate in the city and
about 14.6% cannot read and right
Not read and write
Elementary education complete
Secondary level education completed
Certificate and above

• Only 25% of population have certificate and

higher education diploma

• This has high effect on city population 15%

25%

productivity capacity and employment status

32%
• Therefore this finding imply
28%

 The need for adult education and effort to

increase education coverage by concerned
body
 The need of vocational and skill training for
the illiterate people so that they can get a
 Education Efficiency

Education Efficiency trend 2006-2010

YEAR Enrollment DR+RR Efficiency
oHigh education efficiency, yet
2006 16738 1436 91.4
2007 21483 1387 93.5 significant number of dropout
2008 18345 2060 88.6 and repetition
2009 34975 1654 95.2 oShow increasing from 91.4%
2010 30296 1122 96.3
in 2006 to 96.3% in 2010
EE at different education level 2010
oShow increasing as the
School
education level increase level Enrollment DR+RR Efficiency
oLow education efficiency at KG 3767 345 90.9
secondary & prep level 1_4 10882 598 94.5
oHigh dropout among female 5_8 7533 526 93

students 9_10 5563 415 92.5

11 -12 2551 345 86.5
 Cont…
 The major cause of dropout and repetition
o Factors related to poverty and students attraction to temporary work
like manual, technical and daily labor work
o Parents demand for child labor and early wedlock

o Poor quality of teaching learning process (Poor education quality)

 The possible solutions area

o Improving education quality

o Developing the students parents awareness for students education

o Awareness creation for society about the importance of education

o Welfare assistance and special care for students from poor family and
their families
Education quality
• Education quality is the very important aspect in education
development
• Many factors will influence the education quality
• The following main factors will be assessed in this study
 Teachers number and quality
 Student to teacher ratio
 Student to section
 Student to school ratio
 The existence of School facility
Student to teacher, section and school ratio
Student To Teacher Student To Section Student To School
School City Standar City City
Level Standard Level Gap d Level Gap Standard Level Gap
KG 1:40 1:42 +2 1:40 1:68 +28 1:240 1:134 -106
1_4 1:50 1:77 +27 1:50 1:88 +38
5_8 1:40 1:72 32 1:40 1:78 +38 1:720 1:801 +81
9_10 1:40 1:59 +19 1:40 1:79 +39 1:480 1:927 +447
11_12 1:40 1:51 +11 1:40 1:53 +13 1:640 1:850 +210

o Student to teacher ratio found to be above standard at all level

o Yet, the gap is very high at school to secondary and preparatory level
o The student to school ratio is also found above standard by far specially at
the secondary and preparatory schools
o But this figure is not representing the whole schools in the city and there is
high gap between private and Public schools in this regard
 School facilities
• Most of city schools lack or have no enough basic school facilities Like library,
laboratory and computer centers specially in most of primary schools and
secondary level schools too.

 The deficiency is high in public schools.

• There is no sport fields in most of schools at all levels

• Most of KG and elementary schools also have no their own plot of land or
compound

• Plot size of those schools are also under the set standard specially in private
schools

• Fulfilling the aforementioned facility is very important to increase the

education quality in the city
 Proposed education service: Standard
Level of Space Catchment Served School age
education requirement area population population

Primary education 1.5-2.5ha ≤3km 5000-10,000 1400

Secondary
3-6ha 3-5km 10,o00-15000 800
education

Post secondary
3-6ha 3-5km 10,000-15,000 800
schools

TVET 3-6ha 3-5km 10,000-60,000 -

Depend on the
Tertiary: university,
number of faculty national national -
colleges
and students
 Approach one: Proposed education service
based on total population
No School level standard Projected Total Existing New proposal
population need

1 Primary 1: 5000 198518 40 23* 17

2 High school 1: 12500 198518 17 5 12

3 Preparatory 1: 15000 198518 13 3 10

1:10000-
4 TVET 198518 4 2 2
60000
Approach two: proposed education service based
on school age population

 To Estimate Schools Age Population (SAP):

• Kindergarten

• 4–6
• Primary School

• 7 – 10 for First cycle primary school (1-4)

• 11 – 14 for Second cycle primary school (5-8)
• Secondary School

• 15 – 16 for First cycle secondary school (9-10)

• 17 – 18 for Second cycle secondary

Krupp model

• Kindergarten school

 P4-6 = 0.14 P0-4 + 0.704 P5-9

• Primary first cycle school

 P7-10 = 0.688P5-9 + 0.2P10-14 - (0.072P0-4 + 0.016P15-19)

• Primary second cycle school

 P11-14 = -0.064 P5-9 + 0.848 P10-14 + 0.016 P15-19

• Secondary school

 P15 – 16 = 0.072 P10-14 + 0.376 P15-19 - 0.048 P20-24

• Preparatory school =

 P17 – 18 = - 0.056P10-14 + 0.472 P15-19 - 0.016 P20-24

 Proposal for 2029

N School level Standard FSA EPR EFSA Total Existing New

o need proposal

1 Primary 1:720 - 1400 31163 100 31163 43 23 20

2 High school 1:800 10643 85 9046 11 5 6

3 Preparatory 1:800 11083 40 4435 6 3 3

Approach Three: Proposed education service based on
catchment area
Suggestion and special consideration

I. Schools without plot of land (in rental house)

II. The schools missed by surveying team
III. Issue of primary first cycle schools
IV. The need for research center
V. The need for additional TVET collage and demarcate the
existed one.
VI. Issue of Ambo university
 Boundary demarcation of main campus
 Expansion and special consideration (interest of AU)
  Health care service
Health institution distribution by ownership

Number and Ownership

Health Institution
No Type Total Government Private NGO &FBO
1Referral Hospital 1 1 _ _
2General Hospital 1 1 _ _
3Health center 2 2 _ _
4Health post 3 3 _ _
Medium clinic 21 _ 20 1
5 Small clinic 11 _ 11 _
6laboratory _ _ _ _
7pharmacy 4 _ 4 _
8Drug store 21 _ 21 _
TOTAL 64 7 56 1
percent 100 10.9 87.5 1.5
 Physical distribution of health care institutions
 Cont…

• The total health care coverage in the city was reported to be 100%
for hospital, 50% of health center and 75% UHC at this time
• In addition to the city population, service users are coming from
several hinterland areas in Ambo and other Weredes in west Shoe
zone as well as other Wellaga and south west Shoa zones.
• The city health office estimated the service users to be around two
million at this time
• This all created the pressure upon the existed health care service in
the city.
• The shortage of facilities and supplies in those health institution
aggravate the problem to the worst level.
Private public partner
• The Government role in the health care is very limited and it is dominated

by private investors health care service

• From the total 64 health care institution only about 7(10.9%) health care

institutions were owned by the government and the remaining 57(89.9%)

owned by private investors.

• The office report showed that, government is focusing more on the

prevention and the privates are on the curative ones.

• In addition the government undertake some activities like controlling,

supervision, and inspection

• The result also show the existence of breaking of regulation by some private

health care institution some times. The community were also complaining
 Health professionals distribution
No Health Professional Type Number
1 Medical Doctor 7
2 Health Officer 12
3 Senior and BSC Nurse 67
5 Laboratory Technician 24
6 Pharmacist 8
7 Druggist 25
8 Health Extension Worker 30
10 X-ray Technician 2
15 Environmental Health 4
16 Dentist 4
17 Others 25
TOTAL 201
 Cont….
o 201 total health care professional with different area of expertise exist in
the city
 55.5% in Public and 44.5% in private health institution
o ACHBO reported the high shortage and absence of health professional like
specialized (Dr) fields like psychiatry, surgery, internist, Radiologist,
pathology, Dermatologist, Pediatrician and Obstetrician, and
Gynecologist for hospitals a, as well as, psychiatrist, MD and dentist for the
health center.
o Even the existed number of medical doctor and nurse is so inadequate,
comparing the existed population number ( more than two millions) and
hinterland population service users, with the set standard.
o So addressing such problem is so important to solve health related
challenge
The major challenges in the existing health institutions

• Shortage of working areas and rooms (due to upgrading)

• No in patient department
• Shortage of drug supply
• No rooms for ARSH,CAC, PNC and Maternity waiting areas
• Major cracks and absence of renewal service for the existing
health institutions building
• Absence of some facilities in health institutions like furniture,
chair, bench broken etc
Ten top diseases (2006-2010)
Patient
Rank Diagnosis type Percentage
Number
1 AURTI 27649 24.5
2 Diarrhea (non bloody) 17397 15.4
3 Pneumonia 16243 14.4
4 Typhoid Fever 12817 11.3
5 AFI 9549 8.5
6 Urinery tract infection 8857 7.8
7 Other unspecified infection 6694 5.9
8 Dyspepsia 6710 5.9
9 Asthma 4078 3.6
10 Dental and gum disease 2971 2.6

Total 112,965 100

 The major Causes of the ten top diseases

 Poor environment and personal sanitation

 Uncontrolled waste ( both solid and liquid waste)
 The absence of proper waste disposal and management system
 Shortage of clean drinking water and poor drinking water treatment
when it exist in rural areas.
 Some poor quality of food in some restaurants.
 General public poor awareness about diseases prevention
 risky health behavior life style like drinking, smoking and chewing chat
 Absence of on time intervention to control disease
 Poor life style because of economic constraints
General health care service problems
o Low health coverage due to shortage of health institutions and high
influence from the hinterland population
o poor service quality (health professional, supplies and facilities in health
institution)
o Shortage of medical and material facility in the health institutions

o Poor environment sanitation and Public health care service

o Shortage of clean drinking water and poor drinking water treatment.

o Low Public health promotion through health education, and protection

o Poor community knowledge & awareness about disease prevention

Recommendation
 Increasing health care coverage
 Improving the facility provision and maintenance for health institutions
 Minimizing environment pollution
 Strong control and management of industrial waste through different
mechanism
 Proper environment sanitation and waste management
 Proposing for waste disposal sites and public toilet
 Increasing the household latrine coverage

 Insuring clean drinking water supply for city and rural areas population
and focus on its treatment

 Increasing general public Health care

 Attention to prevention of communicable disease and HIV AIDS

 Proposed health care Services
standard
S/ Level Service Space Catchment Area Served
N Requirement (radius) Population

1 Health post 0.11ha < 1km 5,000-7,000

2 Health Center 0.45 – 0.6 ha < 2km 25,000

Woreda including
3 District Hospitals 2 ha rural areas 250,000

General (Regional) 1-1.5 ha Regional level 1,000,000

Hospital

Referral Hospital Variable National

  Approach one: Proposed health care Services for the Planning
Period through population number

Health Projected Total New

No standard Existing
institution population need proposal

Referral
1 National 198518 1 1 _
Hospital

General
2 (regional 1: 1000000 198518 1 1 1
Hospital)

District
3 1:250,000 198518 1 _ 1
hospital

4 Health center 1: 25000 198518 8 2 6

 Approach Two: Proposed health care service based
on catchment area
Suggestion and special consideration
 Proposal for Hospitals
o Proposal for general or regional Hospital took into consideration

 hinterland population in addition to city population

o Inaccessibility of private health care institutions in terms of their service
fee and community capacity
 Health post issue

• There was only three health posts in the city and the expansion area too.

• Issue of health post therefore needs to be considered in the LDP at the

next stage.
 Veterinary clinic
o Two Veterinary clinic should be proposed in this plan though the two
outlet directions of the city
 Section three
Sport and Community recreation facilities

I. Formal sport facilities (play fields, stadium and

sport projects)

II. Community recreation facilities

III. Administration issue

 Play fields

Legal
Area in Type of sport Developed
No Name of play field Location status (Have
m2 field and protected
site plan)

1 Addis Ketama 1 20 x 40 Foot ball Yes Yes

2 Ambo University 1 1 hct Foot ball Yes Yes

3 Ambo University 1 20 x 40 basket ball Yes Yes

4 Jesso Fabric 3 10 X 20 Foot ball Yes Yes

5 Liban Mecha 2 1 hct Foot ball Yes No

6 Odo Liban 3 1 hct Foot ball Yes Yes

 Cont…

• Only few play fields in the city comparing to the land size and
population number

• Even the few existed play fields have continuously changed to other
land use

• Most of play fields are serving only as foot ball play field

• Most of these play fields are not play fields by themselves, and rather
part of different institutions like school and university.

• This all created the safe recreation in the city so difficult

 It is common to see the youth and children in the city play on the
field, chewing chat and taking other drugs which resulted in
another social problems
Recommendation

• Formalizing and developing the existing play fields

• Re establishing those land use illegally changed from play
fields to other land use type.
• Diversifying the play field type and its form in hierarchical way
• Cooperation and understanding among and between different
concerned stakeholders (youth and sport, land agency,
Municipality etc )
• Proposing new play fields as per set standard
Stadium

• There is one stadium in the town, known Ambo stadium, which was
established in 1972E.C.

• It is located in the center of Ambo city at about 100m distance from

“main road

• The stadium has about 1.6hectare land including play fields and open area

• It has the capacity to accommodates about 15,000 spectators with seats

and might accommodate some 30000 people more without seats.

• This stadium is usually hosting all the local, regional and national
league games at different times simultaneously

• Ambo city foot ball club is also using this stadium to host different
game.
Existed facility in stadium
Facility type Existence Facility type Existence
 Main facilities Yes/No  Fitness and gymnasium Yes/No
 Foot ball field Yes Center
 Athletics track Yes
 Offices No  Gymnasium center No
 Audio-visual center No  Indoor games field No
 Changing rooms Yes
 swimming pool No
 Toilet No
 Out Door Sports  Spectators seats No
 Badminton Yes  Changing rooms No
 Ground Tennis courts No
 toilet facilities No
 Basket Ball Yes
 Hand ball Yes  Parking Space
 Volley Ball Yes No
 Cars
 Traditional sports No
 Spectators seats No  Buses and vans No
 Changing rooms No
 Toilet No  Bicycle No
Identified problem
• Poor facility and poor management
• Absence of some basic sport fields
• The location of these access gates has strong limitation in
diffusing the departing spectators traffic
• The stadium has no fence so make difficulty of collecting
instance fee
• No potential of expansion as encircled by residence and
commerce
• No capacity to hold international games
Recommendation
• The stadium has about 1.6 hectare land including play fields and open
area
• Should be take as wereda play field rather than the stadium in this
proposal
• Fulfilling the necessary facility for the existing stadium
• Constructing another international stadium
• The proposal should take into consideration factors like

 The influence of hinterland population

 The potential capacity of city to host regional, national and

international game

 Potential to serve town and other national clubs as near to Addis

Youth Sport projects and clubs

 There are eight youth projects in the town organized at regional level

 Different outdoor and indoor sport games including Swimming, Table

tennis, Foot Ball, Gymnastic , Badminton, Hand ball, Athletics and box.

 Totally, 252(159 Male and 93 Female) included in the youth sport projects.

 There were two sport clubs ( Ambo foot ball and athletics club) in the city

 About 39(31 male and 8 female) sportsmen included in those clubs

 Ambo city male foot ball club is participating at the national league and

the athletics club is also participation at the regional level.

Identified problems of youth projects and clubs
•Gender representation (The domination of males over female )

• Lack of play field for all sport projects type, at reasonable distance or all
in all
• Absence of sport academy for further sport training
• Lack of competition experience (among and outside of city projects)
• lack of facility, logistic, budget
• Lack of supervision and follow up and small Private investor’s
participation
• The sport clubs also Have no their own financial source, sport field,
training field dormitory and etc
Recommendations

• Expanding the sport projects in the city by number and type

• Insuring the availability and proper distribution of play fields
• Focusing on the sport potential in and around the city
• Facilitating continues computation
• Solving problems related to facility, logistic and budget
• Cooperation among stakeholders
• Creating the social base for club and cooperation with local
community
• Empowering the club to be independent and autonomies
Sport and community recreation facility standard of Formal sport facilities

S/ Space Catchments Served

Level of Sport Facilities
N Requirement Area Population

1 Kebele play field 2.6 ha 1km radius 5,000 to 10,000

2 Woreda level play field 10ha Woreda 60,000- 120,000

Administrative
3 Zonal/ stadium 11.5ha 300,000- 600,000
zone or Sub-city

4 Regional stadium 16ha City and region

--

International stadium, National and

5
Olympic sport complex 600-810ha international --
Approach one: proposed sport fields based on population
number
Type Area Standard Population Total Existing GAP
number need

Kebele play field

2.6ha 1:10000 198518 20 6 14

Wereda Play
10ha 1:120000 198518 2 1 1
field

zonal stadium 11.5ha 1:300,000 198518 2 1 1

regional 16ha 198518

city and
region 1 _ 1
Approach two : proposed sport fields based on
catchments
of area kebele play field
 II. Community recreation facility

• Thee is high lack of community recreation facility in the city

• The existing ones are
 Two libraries
 One public swimming pool
 Two youth center
Youth center

 Existing condition
o There were two youth centers existed in the city
o Poorly arranged and facilitated
o Not fairly distributed

 Recommendation
 Proposing additional four youth centers in different Kebele
 The proposed youth center should insure the accessibility to rural Kebele
incorporated to the city
 Not only proposal the administration and fulfilling the needed facility
should be seriously considered by city administration
 Community and elders recreation center

 Elders or community recreation area is the public open space

like mini public park (green area) in the neighborhood where
the neighborhoods are taking the rest and spending their free
time
 Absence of such elders and community service in this town,
 Each Kebele in the town need to have one community center
 Therefore six community recreation centers should be
proposed at the town level
Public parks
 Can be considered as a big public park or open space at the town
level
 The site should be either at naturally attractive areas like forest,
mountain etc
 It also should be located at the center of the town where majority
society need to have such a rest
 AU have a plan to design public park following the ‘Hulluka
river
 This plan should adopt their plan and incorporate it as part of
proposal
Cultural center

 Two cultural centers, ( input from AU)

 To reflect local people culture and identity

 Contribute for the future town identity and ownership

question

 Can include different other services like Museum, research

center, public hall and library and etc
Public festival areas

o Can be considered as communal and multi function open space

for several functions
 Political – As public gathering place for national holiday
celebration and political demonstration
 Economic – As Open exhibition center and mini market
 Religious – To celebrate cultural events and religion big
holidays like, Meskel, ximket, Id, conference etc
 Cultural - To host big cultural festivals celebration and
cultural show
o Therefore, one Festival place should be included in this plan
Other community recreation Facilities

o Other community services like Public Theatre hall, cinema

hall and gymnasium center, Public library etc should be
addressed in this plan separately or they have to be
considered in other aforementioned facilities
o They can be proposed at the separate and independent place
or at the same place together, as integrated and one
multifunctional center
o They can be also addressed in other similar community
services
III. Administration and special services
• Ambo town is serving as the sit of different administration center at;
 Town level (town and Kebele administration offices)

 Ambo wereda administration

 West shoe administration offices

 The city as the sit of various regional and federal institutions

• Therefore, there is a great concern for administration center and sector

office
• The sector office and administration center in random way and very
disorganized.
• Concern for the need of fair distribution, expansion and grouping those
administration centers as per the good governance study
  Proposed Administration and special services
 Town municipality
o Need to upgraded by considering the possible future development
o Check the issue of centrality and road access to the center from all
direction
 Sector offices
 There are different sector office (Federal, Zonal, Werede and Town) level.
 Reserve one town sector office out of municipality for the town sector offices
 Helping the werede and zonal level sector offices to have their own clustered
sector offices
 The Proposal of these offices should insure the accessibility, fair distribution,
health town development ( Out of the main road to reduce traffic conjunction)
 Kebele administration
 Each kebele of the town need to have one Kebele administration, and therefore,
 Police station
o Check the issue of centrality and road access to the main police station
from all direction
o Additional six \ sub police station (community policing center) in each
kebele
 Rehabilitation and correctional center
o The issue of west Shoa Rehabilitation and Correctional center
should be considered again in terms of its competency with the
residence and environmental pollution
o Relocating to out side of the town by considering the above factors and
willingness of the center administration
 Section three: Religion issues

I. Worshipping service

II. Cemetery service

III. Festival place

 Existing worship place
No Religion type Total
Worshipping • Totally 62 worshipping place existed in the city
place number
(which is twice greater than Kindergarten
( Ganda admi. )
schools in the city)

1 Muslim 2 • Most of worshipping place are also highly

concentrated at the center of the town except
2 Orthodox 6
the orthodox churches
3 Protestant 50
• But only ---- worshipping places were
4 Waqeffataa 1 identified by surveying team.
5 Catholic 1
6 Adventist 1
7 Jovan witness 1
8 Bahai -
9 Others 62
oDistribution of the worshiping place
Trend of worshipping place number in the city

60 • Shows increasing across all religion

• The trend is high among protestant

50
 Change in the religion composition
 Competition feeling between different
40
religion groups
Orthodox  Development of new and different religion
30 Muslim
Protestant sects and groups
Others  Absence of guideline and legal framework
20
• The trend is in most cases very
10
abnormal and it will be a great threat
for planning and land administration
0
before 1990 2000 if it continues this way
1980
 The legal status of worshipping places
60 o Most of worshipping place in the
51 city have no cite plan
50
o From the total 62 worshipping place
40
found in the city only about
30 17(27.4%) of them have site plan

20 o high increase of the worshipping

place in the recent time added to
10 9
4 poor of city administration
2 2
0 0 2 2 increased the problem
ox

lim
od

o The Informal town expansion and

nt
th

rs
us

ta

he
Or

es

Ot
ot

illegal settlement also contribute

Pr

Have site plan without site plan much for the problem
Identified problems
• Informality
 The illegal occupation of land

 The illegal establishment of worship places, even in rental house

 holding a vast tract of land over the set standard

 Illegal Land expansion

• Incompatibility- Illegal conversation of residential services in to worship

• Unlawful mixing- worshipping place with commercial, and or social services
• Competition- on the land holding and religion expansion
• Poor control and administration- by city administration and municipality
• Absence of norms and standards-to regulate the provision of land for the
establishment of worship places at national or regional level or city level
 Minimum followers number and Service catchment area

 Sects number and type

Recommendation and suggestion

• There must be a clear regulation for the establishment of worship places

in the city.
• Control the establishment of unlawful commercial and or other social
facilities in an area allotted for worship services.
• Strengthening the administration capacity and power of city
administration on the worshipping places
• Taking the correctional measure on the problems related to informality
and incompatibility in this planning process
• Facilitating the continues discussion and engagement between all stake
holders
• proposing for additional worshipping place in the expansion sites based
on the catchment area standard
Proposal
• One Muslim religion followers mosque
• One Waqeffataa religion followers worshipping place
• Considering the protestant religion followers in the rental
house with followers number and service catchment area
• Correctional measure on the worshipping place
 Above the standard land holding
 Informal land expansion
 Illegal (no site plans)
 Incompatability
Existing cemetery
No Religion type Total cemetery

places  Distribution map

1 Muslim 1

2 Orthodox 3

3 Protestant 4

4 Waqeffataa -

5 Catholic -

6 Adventist -

7 Jovan witness -

8 Others -
Identified problems

• Absence of cemetery place for the followers of minors religion types like
Waqeffata, catholic, Adventist and other religion followers
• Absence of municipal cemetery

• Unplanned and irregular burial practices in all cemeteries of the city, due to
lack of norms and standard to guide the burial practices.
• Weak management of cemeteries due to lack of strong institution.

• Unhygienic conditions and inaccessible cemeteries (even threat for social

security)
• Inaccessibility of cemetery service due to city expansion.
 Recommendation and suggestion

• Proposing cemetery place for Waqeffata, catholic, Adventist and other

religion followers
• Proposing for municipal cemetery
• Proposing additional cemetery places at different corner of the city for all
religion followers by considering the religion composition and environment
incompatibility
• Formulate a comprehensive regulation to guide cemetery establishment and
administration of cemetery places
• Abolish churchyard burial practices to bring healthy environment, good
urban quality and to use land for other development purposes.
• Control informal establishment of cemeteries
• Relocating the filled cemetery or facilitating the way to re use it
Festival place

• Orthodox religion followers are using ‘MESKEL ADEBABEY’ for their religion festivity

 Yet there are many informally established festival places at the expansion site of

the city in the name of (‘behere timket and tebel)’

• Other religion followers have no common or private festival place

 They are using stadium and rented hall for their religion festival celebration

• There is no Irrecha site too

 Recommendation and Suggestion
o Controlling the informal establishment of festival place by orthodox
religion followers
o Establishing central and common festival place for other religion
followers like Muslim, protestant, Adventist, Jovian witness , others
religion followers
o Proposing for the Irrecha site (both Irrecha Laga and Irrecha Gara)
  DOMINANT SOCIAL PROBLEMS

HIV/AIDS
Crime and juvenile
delinquency
PLWD
OVC

Women with economic problem

Other disadvantaged group

 HIV-AIDS:PREVALENCE OF HIV-AIDS (2006-2010)
Year VCT HIV+ PR Pregnant HIV+ PR
2006 8051 _ 0.0 2473 8 _
2007 7749 60 0.8 2675 16 0.60
2008 5241 30 0.6 2500 31 1.24
2009 11475 122 1.1 2758 28 1.02
2010 22209 256 1.2 4077 25 0.61
Total 54725 468 0.9 14483 108 0.75

• Low prevalence rate (comparing to the regional and the national ones), but still
on the increasing trend
• The prevalence rate among the pregnant women also found to be high which is
almost equal to the general prevalence rate.
• This high prevalence of the disease result in different socio economic challenge
for the city community
Cont…

 The main causes

o The existence of several night club and CSW in the city

o The geographical location of the city, mainly center for many city and on the
long distance trade route to the west Ethiopia.
o Different socio economic problems like poverty, family disintegration

o The existence of several collages and university in the city, and students form
different part of the country for the education
o Youth unemployment and drug addiction, and absence of enough safe recreation
alternatives

 Vulnerable segment of society

 Commercial sex workers

 Single (widowed) women doing small scale business

 Street and OVC, as well as, daily laborers

 So far undertaken activities
o VCT service by government health institutions ( 514 ART
and 92 PMTCT in from 2006 _ 2010)
o Welfare service by different NGO and FBO like ISHDO…

 Recommendation
o Expanding VCT center and ART& MTCT services provision
o Expanding other safe recreational alternative
o Health education and awareness creation activities
o Welfare service for victims and potential vulnerable
community segment
 Crime prevalence trend
400 Female • The decreasing trend in crime case
Male
Both 373 • Physical assault, different social crimes, theft
350
and Violence of regulation,, were the major
300 318
crime types
250
 85% of total crime cases
200 212 • High male involvement 812 (89.9%)
150 • Most criminals ( 48.7%)aged between 19 and

100 31 years old

• High JD prevalence in the town
50
 (18.5%) from total 903 criminal aged under 18
0
2007 2008 2009  High against group and other towns

 Even some series crime like assault,

Robbery and break of regulation
Cont..

 The main causes for crimes

• Economic problem like Poverty and unemployment

• Poor physical infrastructure like road and light (center, bus station, prep…)
• Informal settlement and expansion, and plan violation
• Mob conflict and interest group
• Absence of recreation facility are the main cause of JD.
• Political problem and protest
• Absence of cooperation between and among stakeholders
 Town police office problem

• Logistic and budget scarcity and facility problems

• Poor facility and condition of RCC
• No special court and correctional center for JD
• The location of the office and absence of sub stations
Recommendation

 Strengthening police force by human power and logistic facility

 Infrastructure development at the town level

 Controlling and correctional measure on informal settlement

 Promoting Community participation through community policing

 Community policing and involvement

 Reducing other related social problems like unemployment, addiction

and alcoholism, orphan hood and Streets
 Facilitating alternative safe recreational places

 The need for another big main police station and substations at Kebele
level
 Renewing and strengthening the rehabilitation and correctional center
 Orphan and Vulnerable children
 Prevalence

• 2505 orphan and vulnerable children in this town

• 80 street children

 Cause

• Poverty, Family disintegration and separation, Parental death, week socialization

• Migration of street children from local area to the town

 Problems

• Lack of Basic need, health care and education

• Absence of enough support rather than tiny support by Ubuntu, and local churches

 Solution

• Welfare from all and Parental assistance

• Coordination on children traffic

 Women in difficult situation
 Prevalence

• More than 50% women with economic problems

• Most of them were unemployed and single women who lack livelihood base

 Cause

• Social and cultural, constraint

• Migration, Health problem and lack of education

• Absence of job opportunity

 Welfare activity

• Town administration work on Credit provision and organizing by IMX

• Some NGO providing fund and welfare service provision

 Recommendation

o Due attention for gender equality in this plan preparation and implementation
 Disability
 Prevalence
o 153 PLWD ( Visual, hearing, mental, and physical like leg, hand and spinal)

 Cause
o Different disease, Traffic accident and industrial accidents

 Problems
o No access to different social service (education) , training, and job opportunity
o Resulted in Poverty, Social exclusion and dependency

 Welfare activity
o One NGO (UCBRT) is providing material assistance like wheelchair and others
o No welfare assistance in terms of service and financial or PLWD

 Recommendation
o different skill training and startup capital provision
o the social service facilities construction and designed
 Insure accessibility and reduce harm prone factors like open drainage syste m
Other disadvantage group

oWelfare provision
N num
O Type ber oEmpowerment activity

1 Commercial sex worker 38 oSkill training

oStart up capital
Elders without family
2 support 159 oCommunity participation

3 Homeless 80 oCoordination and cooperation with

different volunteers, NGO, FBO and
4 Beggary 89
education institutions
5 Others - oGovernment and local administration
initiation and coordination (Addis Ababa
TOTAL 95
street children)
HORAA BULAA!