WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

PART II
Chapter 4
Kinesiology 1113
January 31, 2024
Plan for Today:
 Tutorial
Information
■ LOCATION CHANGE:

■ Student Health and

Wellness (Prettie
Residence)

■ Your GA will be there

to guide you! Signs
will also be posted
Video Change: “What is obesity?”
Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat
1. Genetic factors
■ Nutrigenomic – how nutrients and genetic variations cause
people to respond differently to nutrients in food
■ Scientists have discovered 50 genes associated with obesity
■ There are many factors which can help these individuals – i.e.,
exercise, attention to diet

Behaviour choices make the world of difference even if someone is

destined for diffeent » diseases
Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat
2. Physiological factors ( Metabolism)

■ Metabolism – the chemical process/reactions that take place in

our body to create energy/sustain life
■ aResting Metabolic Rate (RMR) – energy required to
maintain vital body functions (breathing, HR, BP, temperature)
■ RMR account for 65-70% of our daily energy expenditure

■ Remaining 20-30% is expended during physical activity

Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat

RMR increases for someone who regularly exercises

■ This means these individuals are burning more calories at rest
Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat
2. Physiological actors ( Hormones)

■ Hormonal changes throughout one’s life – puberty, pregnancy,

menopause
■ Leptin and Ghrelin are linked to obesity (appetite)
 Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat

2. Physiological Factors (Fat

cells)
■ These fat cells can inflate to hold more fat and when existing
fat cells are filled, the body can make more
■ Some people are born with above-average number of fat cells
and therefore can store more fat
Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat
3. Lifestyle Factors

■ Eating
■ Physical activity and sedentariness
Cut back of PA in schools
– Most people drive to work, sit at work, then come home to
sit
– “F” on ParticipACTION Report Card (2021; 12% achive
less than 8 hours of sedentary time/ day)
■ Sleep
– Short deep/deprivation associated with obesity
Factors Contributing to Excess Body
Fat
4. Psychosocial factors
■ Food used as a coping mechanism to stress and negative
emotions
■ Obesity is associated with socioeconomic status (SES)
 Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle for
Weight Management
■ Diet and eating habits

Total calories
Portion sizes
■ Eating habits (not skipping meals, creating a schedule)
 Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle for
Weight Management
■ Physical activity, exercise, and sedentariness
■ Increasing PA levels is often easier to maintain than completely
restricting your diet
■ Breaking up sitting time – planned breaks during studying/school
■ Sleep
■ 7-9 hours of good quality sleep with consistent sleep/wake up times
Approaching Weight Problems
1. Doing
it yourself
■ Deciding it is important for you and making lifestyle changes

2. Diet book, website, and social media programs

■ Some are useful, lots makes empty promises
■ Advertised as “quick and easy” solutions

3. Diatary
supplements and dietary aids
■ Again… advertised as “quick and easy” solutions
■ Not able to maintain the weight loss
Approaching Weight Problems
4. Weight-loss programs
■ Online, in-person

5. Prescription drugs
■ For medicine to cause weight loss… it must reduce energy
consumption OR increase energy expenditure OR interfere
with energy absorption

■ Most common medication is an appetite suppressant to reduce

feelings of hunger
Approaching Weight Problems
6. Surgery
■ Weight loss surgery = Bariatric surgery
■ Recommended for those who have a BMI greater than 40 or
greater than 35 with obesity-related illnesses
■ Surgery + lifestyle changes = necessary for long—term success

7.
Professional help
■ How we feel about ourselves can dictate if we eat well or
exercise
Understanding Eating Disorders
■ Characterized by severe disturbances in body image, eating
patterns, and eating-related behaviours

1/7 males and 1/5 females will suffer from an

eating disorder

■ Many factors involved in the development but two that stand

out are: dissatisfaction in body image and body weight
Understanding Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa
■ Does not eat enough food to maintain a healthy body weight

■ Characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight

Vigorous and prolonged exercise

■ For females – often stop menstruating, become intolerant of

cold, low BP and HR, dry skin, and fine body hair
Understanding Eating Disorders
2. Bulimia Nervosa

■ Recurrent episodes of binge-eating, followed by purging

■ Associated with serious health effects: tooth enamel eroding,
tooth decay (from high sugars), liver and kidney damage,
rupture of the stomach
Understanding Eating Disorders
3. Other specified feeding or eating disorder ( OSFED)
■ Someone who may not meet the criteria of the other eating
disorders discussed but causes distress or impairment

The most common eating disorder

Treating Eating Disorders
■ Must address: First, the problematic eating behaviour then the
misuse of food to manage stress (psychological aspect)

■ Crucial as eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of

any mental illness
Midterm Information!
 Midterm
■ Wednesday, February 7 @ 1:00

■ ROOM CHANGE!!!
– UC (university centre) 1017
– Across from security

■ Closed book – ONLY bring pen or pencil

■ NO phones! In bag, on silent

■ 80 minutes (1:00 – 2:20)
■ All material is testable
 Midterm
Info on :
Guest lecture
Chapter 1-4

60 to 70 question
Question will range from
Reconizing definition
Application based (Question about BMI chart)
Main takeaways from lectures, guest lectures, and videos
Midterm
Midterm
Questions?
 Take care, stay safe, and be well!

See you Monday for our guest lecturers!

References
■ Irwin, J. D., Burke, S. M., Insel, C. E., Roth W. T, & Insel, P. M. (2023). Core concepts
in health (4th Canadian ed.). McGraw-Hill.