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ASD SlopeDefBeams 1
ASD SlopeDefBeams 1
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Recap
Tresca
| 2 ||,
2
, ||
2 |
𝜎 1 − 𝜎 2 𝜎 2 −𝜎 3 𝜎 3 −𝜎 1 𝜎 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
=
2
Von Mises
Remember: the assumptions made to define these
criteria (along with the stochastic behaviour of
materials) mean that they are approximate – they
will give us a good idea of when failure will occur
but not a definitive answer.
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A B C w D
Remember beams? M
𝑹 𝑨AB BC CD 𝑹𝑫
𝑽
Load •
𝒙
𝑽 =− ∫ 𝒘𝒅𝒙 Shear
𝒙𝟎 •
𝒙
𝑴 =∫ 𝑽 𝒅𝒙 Moment
𝒙𝟎
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Beams
We’ll need to be able to
calculate the bending
moment in a beam
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Slope and deflection
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Graphical determination
We’re going to derive the expressions graphically
and then look at solutions
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and
A C
𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪
An initially straight
beam
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A B C
𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪
Curves under
application of a load
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A B C
𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪
Curves under
application of a load
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A B C
𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪
Curves under
application of a load
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𝐴
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠=𝑅
𝑅
𝑥
𝑣
𝐵
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𝐴
𝜃
𝜃
𝑥
𝑣
𝐵 The angle subtended
by the tangent at the
intercept of the radius
at point is also
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𝐴
𝜃
𝜃
𝑥
𝑣
𝐵 The angle subtended
by the tangent at the
intercept of the radius
at point is also
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𝐴
𝜃
𝜃
𝑥
𝑑𝑠 𝑣
𝐵 𝐶
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𝐴
𝜃
𝜃 d𝜃
𝑥
𝑑𝑠 𝑣
𝐵 𝐶
𝜃
𝜃 −d 𝜃 𝜃 d𝜃
𝑥
𝑑𝑠 𝑣
𝐵 𝐶
𝜃
𝜃 −d 𝜃 𝜃 d𝜃
𝑥
𝑑𝑠 𝑣
From the geometry
𝐵 𝐶 we can see that:
And therefore:
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𝐴
𝜃
𝜃 −d 𝜃 𝜃 d𝜃
𝑥
𝑑𝑠 𝑣
𝐵 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝜃 𝑑𝑣
When is small,
so
𝑑𝑠 And
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𝑑𝑥 Also
𝜃 𝑑𝑣 When is small,
𝑑𝑠 so
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𝐸 𝑀 𝜎
= =
𝑅 𝐼 𝑦
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The Important Bit
The slope of the beam is: The deflection of the beam
can be found:
or:
so:
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Lets do some examples...
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What happens if the loads are not
symmetrical?
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Singularity functions
We need a means to switch
the loads on when they 12
occur 10
1
𝑦 = ⟨ 𝑥 − 10 ⟩
8
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
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Singularity functions
When we integrate them we treat
them as if they were just x 12
10
1
𝑦 = ⟨ 𝑥 − 10 ⟩
8
6
0
𝑦 = 4 ⟨ 𝑥 −5 ⟩
4
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
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Singularity functions in beams
We can use singularity functions to
develop a single moment equation
for a beam meaning we only have
to integrate once…
𝑹𝑨 1m 1m 2m 𝑹𝑫
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Using Macauley brackets
A B C D
4kN 5kN/m
𝑹𝑨 1m 1m 2m 𝑹𝑫
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Discontinuous UDL’s
Write out the moment equation
𝟏.𝟓𝒎 𝟕𝒎 𝟏.𝟓𝒎
x
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Discontinuous UDL’s
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Application
1. Write out the moment
equation at a point just before
the last load on a beam
2. Use Macauley brackets for any
term that has the form
3. Integrate as before, but treat Examples…
Macauley brackets as if they
were just
4. Use boundary and continuity
conditions to solve constants
of integration
5. Substitute values of to get
deflections
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