Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Veterinary Pathology
Recommended Books
1. Macfarlane P.S., R. Reid and R. Callander, 2011. Pathology Illustrated, 7th Ed.,
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK.
2. Slauson, D.O. and B.J. Cooper, 2002. Mechanisms of Disease: A textbook of
Comparative General Pathology. 3rd Ed. Mosby Inc, A Harcourt Sciences Company, St
Lousi MO 63146.
What is Pathology?
What is Health?
Normal function of the body is called
Health.
Lesion
It is the abnormal structural or functional
change in the body as a result of disease
and may be detected by gross (necropsy),
microscopic (histopathology) or
biochemical methods (clinical pathology).
Pathognomonic lesion
An alternation that indicates without doubt
the cause of a particular disease e.g.
finding of Negri bodies in rabies etc
Pathogenesis
• Process of disease development is called as
pathogenesis. It is a progressive mechanism
from its initiation to conclusion in recovery or
death.
Structural
Pathological
changes Moderate
Time
Diagnosis
• It is the identification of disease through
the clinical examination and application of
various laboratory tests.
• A pathological diagnoses should include
lesions, etiology (cause) pathogenesis and
clinical consequences.
Prognosis
• It is the estimation of the clinician or
pathologist regarding the expected outcome
of disease like favorable, guarded or grave
ete
Etiology
• It is a study of the causes of disease.
• An etiologic agent induces cell and tissue
injury leading to clinical manifestations of
disease
• There are numerous causes of disease
which are divided into
1. Exogenous (Environmental or extrinsic factors)
2. Intrinsic Internal defects
I. Exogenous Factors
(Environmental or extrinsic factors)
A. Physical like
D. External deficiencies
i) Nutritional deficiency Protein, vitamins,
calories
ii) Environmental deficits Water, oxygen,
sunlight
II. Internal defects
A. Host factors (Endogenous, Intrinsic)
Species, breed, age, sex, even color often
act as predisposing causes.
B. Immunologic defects Autoimmune
disease
C. Genetic defects Single mutant gene
to chromosomal breaks
D. Hereditary defects Transmitted from
parents
Acquired Disease
• Diseases may be acquired by the animal in
utro or post-natally
Congenital Disease
• A disease present in the animal at birth. It
may be hereditary or acquired.
Multiple causation theory
• Most diseases result from interaction of
intrinsic and extrinsic factors, examples
are tuberculosis, leukemia viruses etc.