INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

THE STAGES IN THE CARIBBEAN

REGIONAL INTEGRATION MOVEMENT

FEDERATION TO CARIFTA
SOCIAL STUDIES  MODULE 4  UNIT1 LESSONS 4 AND 5
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

INTRODUCTION

 This presentation focuses on the development of various alliances which were

formed in the Caribbean prior to the formation of CARICOM. The presentation
begins with the formation of the West Indies Federation, includes the formation
of Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA), and concludes with an account
of the West Indies Associated States Council of Ministers (the precursor to the
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States).
 The main aim of this presentation is to show that regional integration was taking
place in the Caribbean prior to the formation of CARICOM. The purpose of the
various alliances, the challenges they faced , and the interconnection between
them and CARICOM are explored.
 The presentation supports module #4, Regional Integration, which is a section of
the Caribbean Secondary Examination Curriculum (CSEC) for Social Studies.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

OBJECTIVES

As a result of this presentation, you should be able to:

Describe the purpose and development of the West Indies Federation and the
Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA).
Outline the major events which led to the formation of the West Indies Federation
and CARIFTA
Discuss the benefits and limitations of these alliances, and the challenges they
faced
Acknowledge other regional alliances that were formed during the time CARIFTA
was a functioning body.
Recognize the relationship between CARIFTA and the Caribbean Community
(CARICOM)
Form an opinion regarding the value of integration beyond economic agreements
and cooperation
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE FOR A WEST INDIES

FEDERATION?
 Britain was pushing for self-government among its colonies.
 Self-government, among Caribbean nations, did not seem to be developing fast
enough.
 English speaking Caribbean states felt that regional alliance would provide
political independence from Britain.
 Another compelling reason for regional integration was the belief among
Caribbean nations that strength in numbers would be a good approach to tackle
development challenges which they all were experiencing.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS – PRE-

FEDERATION
There were signs of integration taking place before the process of forming a
federation. The following institutions are an indication of this:

1917
Associated Chambers of Commerce

1935
Caribbean Union of Teachers

1945
Caribbean Labour Congress

The West Indian Meteorological Services 1947

University of the West Indies (a College of London University) 1947

 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

WHAT WERE THE SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

LEADING UP TO THE FORMATION OF THE WEST
INDIES FEDERATION?
Montego Bay Conference

Caribbean Labour Congress

Standing Closer Association Committee (SCAC)

Conference in London

Jamaica referendum
View the following timeline: West Indies Federation 1947 – 1962 for more
information
http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/west-indies-federation-1947-1962
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE

The Federal government was headed by an Executive Governor-General,

appointed by Britain.
A Prime Minister, elected from among and by the members of the House of
Representatives
A Cabinet, comprised the Prime Minister and ten other elected Members chosen
by the Prime Minister
A Council of State chaired by the Governor General and including the Prime
Minister and Members of the Cabinet, as well as three senators and three civil
servants.
A forty five-member House of Representatives, with Members elected from
among the Territories.
A nineteen-member Senate, nominated by the Governor General in consultation
with the Prime Minister.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

THE LEADERSHIP

In 1960 constitutional reform led to the

establishment of a federal cabinet
chaired by Prime Minister Grantley
Herbert Adams. He was the one and
only Prime Minister of the Federation
from 1958-1962.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES
THE SYMBOLS
The Flag of the West Indies
Federation was used between 1958 and
1962. The flag was originally designed
by Edna Manley. The flag symbolizes
sun shining on waves of blue Caribbean
Sea.
QUIZ X
The background of the Coat of Arms
bears four equally-spaced narrow white
stripes with a ten orange-gold discs
representing each island grouping,
undulating horizontally across a blue
field representing the Caribbean Sea.
The scroll beneath proclaims To Dwell
Together In Unity.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

WHAT WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS WHICH

POSED A CHALLENGE TO WEST INDIES
FEDERATION?

Type your responses in the box below

Britain’s role
before clicking CHECK to see the
answers. Taxation

Leadership
Chaguaramas

Industry in Jamaica and Trinidad

CHEC Jamaica Referendum

K
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

WHAT WERE THE IMPORTANT ISSUES AND EVENTS IN REGARD TO

REGIONAL INTEGRATION AFTER FEDERATION AND PRIOR TO THE
CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) ?

 The dissolution of West Indies Federation.

 The formation of the Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) and the
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB).
 Formation of the West Indies Associated States Council of Ministers (WISA).
 Emphasis on the Eastern Caribbean Common Market (ECCM).
 Formation of Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

DISSOLUTION OF WEST INDIES

FEDERATION
 The decisive development, which led to the end of Federation, was the
withdrawal of Jamaica. A national referendum in 1961, regarding the countries
continued participation, resulted in a majority of Jamaicans supporting a
withdrawal from the Federation.
 This led to the now famous statement of Dr. Eric Williams, the then Premier of
Trinidad and Tobago, that “one from ten leaves nought”. This was made in
reference to the withdrawal of Jamaica.
 Trinidad and Tobago withdrew from Federation a short while later.
 The Federation collapsed in January 1962.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

FAMOUS STATEMENT BY DR. ERIC

WILLIAMS
The famous statement by Dr. Eric Williams, then Premier of Trinidad and Tobago is
captured in the image below.
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

THE CARIBBEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION

(CARIFTA ) AND THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT
BANK (CDB)Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) was founded by Antigua and
 The Caribbean
Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago on 15 December 1965,
with the signing of the Dickenson Bay Agreement.

 The agreement to establish the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) was made
in 1969, and put into effect in 1970. This agreement included 18 countries and
territories which were a part of CARIFTA. The purpose of the bank was to
promote economic growth and cooperation among the members states.

 The purpose of CARIFTA was to increase intra-regional trade.

 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

THE WEST INDIES ASSOCIATED STATES (WISA), EASTERN CARIBBEAN

COMMON MARKET (ECCM), AND ORGANISATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN
STATES (OECS)

 The West Indies Associated States (WISA) was formed in 1966, and included
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla and St.
Lucia.
 After CARIFTA was established in 1965 those who formed WISA recognised
that they needed to strengthen their bargaining power in relation to the larger
CARIFTA states such as Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Barbados.
 The Eastern Caribbean Common Market (ECCM) was formed by the members of
WISA
 WISA was the foundation for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, an
alliance which exists today
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ

 Are you ready to test yourself?

 There are seven multiple choice items that you are required to do.
 For each item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the
button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.
 Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to start the quiz.

BEGIN QUIZ!

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 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: QUESTION 1

What were the reasons for a West Indian Federation?

A. Britain was discouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states
wanted political independence from Britain

B. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states
were already politically independent of Britain

C. Britain was discouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states
did not want political independence from Britain

D. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean states
wanted political independence from Britain

FEEDBACK 17
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: FEEDBACK TO QUESTION 1

What was the purpose for a West Indies Federation?

D. Britain was encouraging self-government among its colonies and Caribbean
states wanted political independence from Britain.

NEXT
18
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: QUESTION 2

A significant event leading up to the formation of the West Indies Federation was the
_______________.

A. Montego Bay Conference in 1958

B. Montego Bay Conference in 1947

C. Kingston Conference in 1947

D. London Conference in 1958

FEEDBACK 19
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: FEEDBACK TO QUESTION 2

A significant event leading up to the formation of the West Indies Federation was B.
the Montego Bay Conference in 1947.

NEXT
20
QUESTION
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: QUESTION 3

The Federation government was headed by the _______ who was appointed by
Britain.

A. Prime Minister

B. Senator

C. Executive Governor-General

D. President

FEEDBACK 21
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: FEEDBACK TO QUESTION 3

The Federation government was headed by C. the Executive Governor-General

who was appointed by Britain.

NEXT
22
QUESTION
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: QUESTION 4

Some of the major issues which posed a challenge to West Indies Federation were:

A. Britain’s role , transportation, and leadership

B. Britain’s role , taxation, and leadership

C. Barbados’s role , taxation, and leadership

D. Barbados’s role , trade, and leadership

FEEDBACK 23
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: FEEDBACK TO QUESTION 4

Some of the major factors which posed a challenge to West Indies Federation were:
B. Britain’s role , taxation, and leadership

NEXT
24
QUESTION
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: QUESTION 5

Establishing the West Indies Associated States (WISA) was a strategic move
because:_______

A. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power
was small in relation to the larger CARIFTA states

B. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power
was greater than that of the larger CARIFTA states

C. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining power
was small in relation to the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

D. members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining skills
were more effective than the larger CARIFTA states

FEEDBACK 25
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

QUIZ: FEEDBACK TO QUESTION 5

Establishing the West Indies Associated States was a strategic move because:
A. - members of the smaller CARIFTA states recognised that their bargaining
power was small in relation to the larger CARIFTA states.

END OF QUIZ 26
 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES QUIZ X

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