A TIMELINE OF ATOMIC MODELS

1. Atomic model (1808)

2. Plum-pudding model (1904)
3. Nuclear model (1911)
4. Planetary model (1913)
5. Quantum mechanical model
(1926-present)
ATOMIC MODEL: JOHN DALTON
1. Matter is made of small indivisible atoms.
2. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or
destroyed.
2.1 Atoms of the same element have the
same property.
2.2 Atoms of different elements have different
properties.
3. Atoms of different elements can form
compounds.
PLUM-PUDDING MODEL: J.J.
THOMSON
1. An atom is electrically neutral. It has no
charge.
2. In an atom, both positive charges and
negative charges are equal.
3. An atom is made out of a sphere of
positive charges with negatively charged
electron embedded in it.
NUCLEAR MODEL: ERNEST
RUTHERFORD
1. Atoms are mostly empty space.
2. Most of the mass is concentrated in the
center of atom. This tiny, dense, positively
charged core called a nucleus.
3.Electrons are located outside the
nucleus.
PLANETARY MODEL: NIELS BOHR
1. Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have
specific size and energy.
2. The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The
lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.
3. Electrons reside in orbits. They move between
each shell when gaining or losing energy.
4. When gaining energy, electrons move to farther
orbit from the nucleus. When losing energy,
electrons move to closer orbit from the nucleus.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL: ERWIN
SCHRÖDINGER
1. Electrons don’t move around the nucleus in
orbits.
2. Electrons exist in specific energy levels as a
cloud.
3. The electron cloud is the region of negative
charges, which surrounds the nucleus.
4. Orbital : The region with a high probability of
containing electrons.