Direction of Arrival and Localization System for Search

and Rescue Application

 Problem Statement

• The accuracy of the classical localization techniques mainly depends on the distance

and angle measurements between anchor nodes and Unknown nodes

• The distance measurement is obtained from Hybrid of RSS and AoA

• In presence of noise and external interference, localization is challenging and require

more precise measurements

 Literature Survey
JOURNAL Citation Key Findings
Journal of Sensors On Target Localization Using Combined RSS and The presented algorithms are relatively easy
AoA Measurements on April 2018. to implement, and they offer good
estimation accuracy
Hindawi International A Hybrid AoA and TDoA based localization method using only two Taylor series least square method has been
Journal of Antennas and station,on Sept 2021. to proposed TOA-AOA hybrid positioning
Propagation scheme.
Volume 2021

Journal of Sensors Tomic, S.; Beko, M. Exact Robust Solution to TW-ToA-based Target Addresses the problem of target localization
Localization Problem with Clock Imperfections on 2018 based on two-way time of arrival (TW-ToA)
measurements with clock imperfections.

Journal of Sensor and Hybrid TOA/RSS Range-Based Localization with Self-Calibration in Addressed the TOA/RSS hybrid localization
Actuator Networks Asynchronous Wireless Networks 2019 problem in presence of
synchronization errors among all the nodes
in the network and other missing
information on the channel parameters

Journal of Pervasive and Tomic, S.; Beko, M.; Dinis, R.; Montezuma, P. Distributed Algorithm for A novel non-convex estimator based on the
Mobile Computing Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using RSS and AoA least squares (LS) criterion
Measurements. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 2017,
Types of Methods to determine the Location
of the target
RSS(The received signal strength)
• It is the strength of a received signal measured at the receiver's Node.
• RSS is determined by the transmission power, the distance between the
transmitter and the receiver.
Time of arrival (ToA)
• It is the method tries to estimate distances between two nodes using time based
measures

Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)

• Once the signal is received at two reference points, the difference in arrival time
can be used to calculate the difference in distances between the target and the reference
points.
Angle of arrival (AoA)
• It is methods allows each sensor to evaluate the relative angles
between received signal