HEALTHY BUILDING

Teknologi dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan - Assignment I

Adi Wijaya - 2306195915

Eubisius Vercelli - 2306195972
Nadhila Shabrina Putri - 2306196035
Alberto Liongnardo - 2306294966
Fajri Nur Almaasah - 2306295022
Josephine Livina - 2306295086
M. Fauzan Fachreza - 2306295142
 DEFINITION

WHO, 1946 Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

WHO, 1984 Sick Building Syndrome, 10-30% of new and remodeled buildings may
have problems with Indoor Air Quality sufficient to cause health
symptoms.

WHO, 1986 Health is a state of well-being and the capability to function in the face of
Data source from the University College London (UCL)
changing circumstances Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) and Icewear
Iceland
Ho et al,
Healthy Building: built environment that encourages positive well-being
2004
of human beings

WHO, 2017 Multiple Health determinants: social and economic environment,

physical environment, and the person’s individual characteristics and
behaviours

Healthy Building is a component within an environment where all health risk factors
are prevented, and have optimal conditions for health and well being of individual
users and vulnerable ones.

Source: The National Human Activity Pattern Survey

Dovjak, M. and Kukec, A. (2019) Creating healthy and sustainable buildings: An assessment of health risk factors. Cham, (NHAPS), 2001
Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
COMMON UNDERSTANDING

Healthy Buildings built

environment to creates
Healthy People

Source:
Bluyssen, P. M. (2009). The Indoor Environment Handbook: How to make
buildings healthy and comfortable. Earthscan.
STANDING POINT
safety shortcomings

outdated technology.
neglected maintenance

involve poor indoor air quality

a lack of biophilic elements, toxic

materials
inadequate natural light

Unhealthy Building
temperature and humidity problems ? limited wellness amenities

accessibility issues
noise pollution

Buildings that suffer from various issues that can

harm the well-being of occupants.
Research by Niza et al. (2023) explored the
well-being, health, and productivity of
individuals within indoor environments as a
critical area of study, with a particular focus
on Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). SBS
encompasses a range of symptoms that
arise from exposure to detrimental factors
linked to the use of buildings. Common
complaints associated with SBS include
headaches, fatigue, a general feeling of
discomfort, and nausea.

Niza, I.L. et al. (2023) ‘Sick building syndrome and its impacts on health, well-being and productivity: A systematic
literature review’, Indoor and Built Environment [Preprint]. doi:10.1177/1420326x231191079.
STANDING POINT
Case Study

“Poor housing worsens both physical and mental

health, especially in the case of socially disadvantaged
households living in tiny and crowded spaces or
subdivided flats. Internationally, studies have shown an
association between living in a crowded household and
higher risk of infectious diseases and mental health
problems, while local studies have shown that household
crowding is associated with adverse health outcomes
such as hypertension, anxiety and stress.”

60% poor ventilation

20% no window

14m² of room space

“Monster Building”, Hong Kong Source: scmp.com

Bloomberg.com
 Ventilation
Ventilation in buildings functions to bring clean air from
outside to reduce the concentration of pollutants from
residents (co2) and pollutants from products (vocs). In
spaces with minimal ventilation, occupants often
experience symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS).
Air quality
AIR QUALITY
Studies have found that our largest exposure to
pollutants occurs indoor. The presence of biological and
chemical pollutant (volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
found in building materials, paints, furniture, etc) can
influence Indoor air quality (IAQ). When IAQ is poor,
occupants can experience building-related illnesses
(asthma, fatigue, irritation, etc).
Dust & pests
Dust is a reservoir for viruses, bacteria, allergens, etc
Thermal health
Temperature and humidity may also have effects on
THERMAL COMFORT
human health as it influence homeostatic system
within our body. It can also influence disease
transmission: cold and dry environments have been
found to facilitate the spread of the influenza virus.
Moisture
Warm humid environments are conducive to mold
and fungal growth especially on building materials.
Studies have found that exposure to residential
dampness and mold contributed to 21% of 21.8
million cases of asthma each year.
Lighting & views
PRINCIPLES & KEY FACTORS
LIGHTING QUALITY
Light intensity and spectrum can
9 Foundations of a Healthy Building influence our circadian clock/
biological rhythms, which correlates
Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health to cognitive function such as
attention, working memory, better
sleep etc. Without appropriate light
exposure our internal clock can
become disrupted. Studies have
found that daylight can improved
vision and sleep quality.
Noise
ACCOUSTAL
The presence of background
QUALITY
noise can also be disruptive and
interfere with an individual’s ability
to communicate. Noise exposure/
increased noise levels are
associated with higher systolic
and diastolic blood pressure,
changes in heart rate, and
hypertension
Water quality
Contaminated drinking water is one of the
leading causes of disease globally,
responsible for transmitting pathogens.
Corrosion on service pipes which dissolve
metals and malfunctioning wastewater
treatment system can contaminate water.
Safety & security
Source: Being ‘very worried’ about crime has been
Bernstein, A., Cao, X., Eitland, E. S., Flanigan, S., Gokhale, M., Yin, J., Young, A., Williams, A.,
Vallarino, J., Spengler, J. D., Pakpour, S., Macnaughton, P., Lockley, S. W., Laurent, J. G. C.,
significantly associated with higher levels of
Klingensmith, L., Klager, S., & Goodman, J. M. (2017). The 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building. psychological distress
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. https://9foundations.forhealth.org/
 Ventilation
PRINCIPLES & KEY FACTORS
Indoor Environmental Parameters & Control
Natural Lighting

Air quality
Window design and layout should facilitate
natural ventilation to bring fresh air in from
outside and dilute occupant-generated pollutants
(e.g., carbon dioxide) and product-generated
pollutants (e.g., volatile organic compounds).

Noise
Thermal comfort protection
Can be controlled via so-called heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC)
systems.
Lighting quality
Transparent parts in the enclosure of space
for daylight entrance and visual contact with
the outdoors, high intensity blue-enriched
lighting (480 nm) for visual comfort

Acoustical quality
Introducing absorbing material to shorten
reverberation time, prevention of noise
entering a space

Source:
Bluyssen, P. M. (2009). The Indoor Environment Handbook: How to
make buildings healthy and comfortable. Earthscan.
Dovjak, M., & Kukec, A. (2019). Creating healthy and sustainable Caballero, P. (2020, June 18). The flow of Time House / MW
buildings: An Assessment of Health Risk Factors. Springer. archstudio. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/941817/the-
flow-of-time-house-mw-archstudio
CERTIFICATIONS
FITWEL LEED

IMPACTS REDUCES SUPPORTS INSTILLS

COMMUNITY MORBIDITY + SOCIAL EQUALITY
FEELINGS OF WELL-
ABSENTEEISM BEING

INCREASES PROMOTES PROVIDES

PHYSICAL OCCUPANTS HEALTHY FOOD
ACTIVITY SAFETY OPSTIONS
Source: https://www.fitwel.org/ Source: https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-credit-category-icons
.
WELL Standard RESET Reset Embodied

Reset Air
Reset Waste

Reset Water Reset Energy

Source: https://www.reset.build/
THE EDGE - AMSTERDAM

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/

RAIN WATER
UTILIZE SOLAR PANEL

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/ SMART

BUILDING
AQUIFER
TECHNOLOGY
NATURAL LIGHT
IMPORTANT NOTES ON THE TOPIC
“Within the four walls, building influence, the air we
breathe, the water we drink, the light we see (or don’t)
and many other factors that determine INDOOR
HEALTH.

As the global population continues to rise with more

and more of us in urban centers, the demand for new
buildings and cities increases accordingly, straining our
natural systems and RESOURCE HEALTH as we
strive to build for today without stealing from tomorrow.

And buildings are engines of economic growth and

innovation, providing opportunity for work and
advancing ECONOMIC HEALTH. Last, buildings are a
major consumer of energy globally, a production
system that currently relies on fossil fuels.

These fuel sources threaten our ENVIRONMENTAL

HEALTH by polluting our air, water and food systems,
and are the cause of global climate change, perhaps
Source:
Bluyssen, G. A. (2021). The Nexus of Green Buildings, Global Health, the largest public health threat we face today.”
and The UN SDGs.
GROUP TOPICS IN RESPONSE TO THE TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
PRINCIPLE
Technology

Improve

Sustainable Building makes Healthier Building

Building Efficiency (+)

Environmental Impact (-)

“The more sustainable a building, the healthier it becomes. Thus, by addressing sustainability of the
built environment, negative health impacts of the buildings are also prevented.” (Ajayi et al., 2015)

“Buildings that are based on renewable technology during its operational stage are more sustainable
and healthy.” (Ajayi et al., 2015)

Source: Ajayi SO, Oyedele LO, Kadiri KO, Sunday AD. Building Sustainability and Building Health: An Inextricable Synergy. 2015.
 Sustainable

Objectives

Cost Efficiency Resources Efficiency Human Adaptation

Strategies

Protecting Human Health and

Protecting Physical Resources
Comfort

Methods

Technology Usage

Source: Akadiri PO, Chinyio EA, Olomolaiye PO. Design of A Sustainable Building: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector. Buildings. 2012; 2(2):126-152.

“One of the main purposes of a sustainable building is to provide healthy and

comfortable environments for human activities.” (Akadiri et al., 2012)
SUMMARY / LESSON LEARNT

Sustainable

Planet People Profit

Source:
Triple Bottom Line, John Elkington (1994).

Green Building Healthy Building Economical Building

Healthy Building creates Healthy People.

“We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us.”
Winston Churchill - former prime minister of UK
REVISI
 Graha Unilever, BSD
STUDI KASUS (INDONESIA)
Jenis Sertifikasi: New Building/ PLATINUM
Jenis Bangunan: Office
Tanggal Berlaku: 2023-12-31

Kategori IHC - Kesehatan dan Kenyamanan dalam Ruang (100%)

Lighting ● Sistem curtain wall memaksimalkan penetrasi cahaya

Quality matahari
● Tidak ada kantor yang tertutup untuk memberikan akses
cahaya alami dan pemandangan bagi semua staf
● Diestimasikan 57% dari area bangunan mendapat
pencahayaan alami lebih dari 300 lux

Air Quality ● Lekukan pada fasad menciptakan green pockets di dalam

dan luar ruangan.

● Fasadnya dilapisi dengan kisi-kisi aluminium abu-abu dengan

Thermal
Comfort kedalaman bervariasi untuk memberikan naungan dan
mengurangi masuknya panas ke dalam bangunan

Source:
https://www.archdaily.com/877351/unilever-headquarters-aedas
https://gbcindonesia.org/certbuilding/6db4b41631894917be50c4e36b2bac788hAldNQEr7g
https://simebtke.esdm.go.id/sinergi/kisah_sukses/detail/9/grha-unilever-pt-unilever-indonesia-tbk
 HEALTHY BUILDING
Air quality
Studies have found that our largest exposure to pollutants occurs indoor.
The presence of biological and chemical pollutant (volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) found in building materials, paints, furniture, etc) can
influence Indoor air quality (IAQ). When IAQ is poor, occupants can
experience building-related illnesses (asthma, fatigue, irritation, etc).
VS RUMAH SAKIT
Sistem Tata Udara
Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 sub bagian Sistem Tata Udara menjelaskan
kelembaban udara dan pertukaran udara minimal yang diperlukan tiap ruang
bahkan hingga tekanan udara suatu ruang dengan ruang lain yang berhubungan
dijelaskan pada sub bagian ini. Kelembaban udara dan pertukaran udara sangat
diperhatikan dikarenakan apabila kelembaban udara tinggi dapat menyebabkan
timbulnya jamur dan mikroorganisme.

Sistem Tata Udara

Thermal comfort Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 sub bagian Sistem Tata Udara menjelaskan
tentang temperatur tiap ruangan yang dibedakan sesuai dengan fungsi ruangan
Temperature and humidity may also have effects on human health as dan suhu ideal yang disarankan pada ruangan yang berpenghuni maupun tidak.
it influence homeostatic system within our body. It can also influence Perbedaan temperatur dibedakan berdasarkan perawatan penyakit yang dilakukan
disease transmission: cold and dry environments have been found to pada ruangan tersebut. Hal tersebut diperlukan untuk menghindarkan penularan
facilitate the spread of the influenza virus. penyakIt, memperoleh tingkat kenyamanan termal, dan mencegah berkembang
biak dan tumbuh suburnya mikroorganisme tersebut, terutama di ruangan-ruangan
khusus.

Lighting quality Sistem Pencahayaan : Pencahayaan Alami & Buatan

Light intensity and spectrum can influence our circadian clock/ Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 sub bagian Tata Bangunan menjelaskan
biological rhythms, which correlates to cognitive function such tentang orientasi bangunan, tata letak furnitur/partisi interior yang berpengaruh
as attention, working memory, better sleep etc. Without terhadap pengendalian arah, kapasitas, kuat cahaya matahari ; sub bagian
appropriate light exposure our internal clock can become Sarana Evakuasi Bangunan tentang jalur pencahayaan eksit; sub bagian
disrupted. Studies have found that daylight can improved Sistem Transportasi dalam Gedung tentang perlunya pencahayaan/iluminasi
vision and sleep quality. artifisial pada tangga (pencahayaan paling sedikit 100 lux) dan pada ram; sub
bagian Sistem Kelistrikan tentang kapasitas listrik untuk pencahayaan dalam
ruangan (titik lampu) dan luar (halaman, jalan, taman).
Source:
Source: Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 2022 Tentang
Bluyssen, P. M. (2009). The Indoor Environment Handbook: How to make buildings healthy and comfortable . Earthscan.
Persyaratan Teknis Bangunan, Prasarana, dan Peralatan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit
Bernstein, A., Cao, X., Eitland, E. S., Flanigan, S., Gokhale, M., Yin, J., Young, A., Williams, A., Vallarino, J., Spengler, J.
D., Pakpour, S., Macnaughton, P., Lockley, S. W., Laurent, J. G. C., Klingensmith, L., Klager, S., & Goodman, J. M.
(2017). The 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
https://9foundations.forhealth.org/
 HEALTHY BUILDING VS RUMAH SAKIT

Acoustical quality Acoustical quality

Introducing absorbing material to shorten Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 Bab I pada bagian Desain Komponen Bangunan,
reverberation time, prevention of noise entering a menjelaskan bahwa ruang yang memiliki tingkat kebisingan tinggi seperti genset,
space pompa, dll harus menggunakan bahan yang kedap suara atau bunyi.

Water Quality Instalasi Air Bersih dan Air Kotor

Contaminated drinking water is one of the leading causes of Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 Bab II menjelaskan tentang instalasi air bersih
disease globally, responsible for transmitting pathogens. dan air kotor secara lengkap dimulai dari sumber air bersih, pendistribusian,
Corrosion on service pipes which dissolve metals and kapasitas, hingga cara pengolahan air limbah.
malfunctioning wastewater treatment system can contaminate
water.

Keselamatan dan Keamanan dalam Fasilitas

Safety & Security
Pada Permenkes 40 tahun 2022 Bab II menyebutkan bahwa perhitungan lebar
Being ‘very worried’ about crime has been significantly dan ketinggian tangga, penggunaan material anak tangga, sudut kemiringan
associated with higher levels of psychological distress, fire tangga, penggunaan pegangan pada kamar mandi, fasilitas penunjang seperti
and life safety systems besaran dan kecepatan elevator, kelengkapan pengamanan elevator dan fasilitas
umum, ketersediaan nya ramp yang sesuai dengan kemiringan sudut dibawah 30
derajat merupakan bagian terpenting untuk keselamatan dalam fasilitas rumah
sakit.

Source:
Bluyssen, P. M. (2009). The Indoor Environment Handbook: How to make buildings healthy and comfortable . Earthscan.
Bernstein, A., Cao, X., Eitland, E. S., Flanigan, S., Gokhale, M., Yin, J., Young, A., Williams, A., Vallarino, J., Spengler, J.
Source: Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 2022 Tentang
D., Pakpour, S., Macnaughton, P., Lockley, S. W., Laurent, J. G. C., Klingensmith, L., Klager, S., & Goodman, J. M.
Persyaratan Teknis Bangunan, Prasarana, dan Peralatan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit
(2017). The 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
https://9foundations.forhealth.org/
LESSON LEARNT

Bangunan Rumah Sakit sendiri memiliki kekhususan yang berbeda dengan bangunan umum
lainnya. Rumah Sakit adalah tempat dimana orang sakit didiagnosa, diterapi, dirawat dan
dilakukan tindakan medik. Memang sudah seharusnya bahwa bangunan yang mayoritas
penghuninya adalah orang sakit, memiliki kualitas untuk “menyehatkan” atau menjaga kondisi
penghuninya tidak menurun.

Sudah ada peraturan yang mengatur standarisasi bangunan dan diuji kesesuaiannya untuk
bangunan tersebut dapat memiliki izin beroperasi (Sertifikat Layak Fungsi, dsb.). Peraturan-
peraturan tersebut tidak lupa membahas mengenai spesifikasi bangunan yang bertujuan untuk
“menyehatkan” penggunanya. Parameter diatas menjelaskan korelasi antara indikator Healthy
Building oleh Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health dengan PERMENKES No 40 Tahun 2022
yang memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat kesinambungan antar indikator.

Semua manusia membutuhkan Healthy Building, apalagi bagi manusia yang sedang sakit.
Manusia yang sehat memerlukannya agar tetap sehat, dan manusia yang sakit memerlukannya
untuk membantu proses pemulihan mereka.
THANK YOU