The purpose of government according to different political philosophies is either to distribute goods and services fairly and improve lives (Rawls' liberalism), protect individual property rights (Nozick's libertarianism), or foster a sense of community over individualism (Sandel's communitarianism). Rawls believes a just society gives equal opportunities and liberty as long as inequalities benefit everyone, while Nozick argues taxation beyond protection violates property rights acquired through trade. Sandel views community as constituting our identities rather than as a means to self-interest.
The purpose of government according to different political philosophies is either to distribute goods and services fairly and improve lives (Rawls' liberalism), protect individual property rights (Nozick's libertarianism), or foster a sense of community over individualism (Sandel's communitarianism). Rawls believes a just society gives equal opportunities and liberty as long as inequalities benefit everyone, while Nozick argues taxation beyond protection violates property rights acquired through trade. Sandel views community as constituting our identities rather than as a means to self-interest.
The purpose of government according to different political philosophies is either to distribute goods and services fairly and improve lives (Rawls' liberalism), protect individual property rights (Nozick's libertarianism), or foster a sense of community over individualism (Sandel's communitarianism). Rawls believes a just society gives equal opportunities and liberty as long as inequalities benefit everyone, while Nozick argues taxation beyond protection violates property rights acquired through trade. Sandel views community as constituting our identities rather than as a means to self-interest.
protecting everyone’s right to equal opportunity and bettering the lives of all members of society (liberalism: Rawls) To protect the right to own that which one
is entitled to (libertarianism: Nozick)
To foster a sense of community rather than
individualism (communitarianism: Sandel)
John Rawls: Justice as Fairness All citizens should share in a society’s wealth and be given equal economic opportunities In a just society, rational individuals under a veil of ignorance about their original position in the society should endorse a theory that: gives everyone as much liberty as possible allows for the unequal distribution of wealth only
when the existence of such inequalities benefits
everyone and is accessible to everyone Libertarianism (Entitlement/Minimal State Theory): Robert Nozick We are entitled to use our property as we see fit. The State’s legitimate power is limited to preventing harm and protecting property rights Taxation for anything other than protection (e.g., to impose a pattern redistributing wealth) is unjust because it ignores how goods are acquired fairly through trade, labor, gifts, etc. Communitarianism: Michael Sandel We do not form governments to promote our individual self-interests; such a view treats our sense of community only instrumentally (Hobbes) or sentimentally (Rawls) The purpose of government is to encourage us to recognize how we are constituted in our communal relations to one another