QUARTER 3 - WEEK 4

DYES
Presented By Group 2
WHAT ARE DYES?
A dye is a colored substance that chemically
bonds to the substrate to which it is being
applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments
which do not chemically bind to the material
they color.

Dye is generally applied in an

aqueous solution and may require a mordant to
improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
BACKGROUND
Textile dyeing dates back to the
Neolithic period. Throughout history,
people have dyed their textiles using
common, locally available materials.
The synthetic dye boom started with
mauveine, the purple dye discovered in
1856 by 18-year-old chemist
William Henry Perkin. William Henry
Perkin had been experimenting with
aniline, a colorless aromatic oil derived
from coal tar, in an attempt to synthesize
quinine.
 USES OF DYES
01 02
Food coloring: Hair dyeing:

In the food industry, dyes are used A variety of dyes, from delicate
to improve the look of a variety of highlights to striking, vivid hues,
food products, including baked are applied to hair to alter its color
goods, drinks, and candy. for cosmetic reasons.
 USES OF DYES
03 04
Textile dyeing: Cosmetic products:

Fabrics and textiles are frequently To give color and aesthetic

colored with dyes to give them a appeal, dyes are used in the
vivid and appealing appearance. manufacturing of lipsticks, nail
polishes, and eyeshadows, among
other cosmetics.
 USES OF DYES
05 06
Production of ink: Leather dyeing:

Dye, which offers a broad spectrum When producing shoes, purses,

of colors and tones, is a crucial and other leather goods, dyes are
component of inks used in writing, sprayed onto leather to add color
printing, and artistic applications. and improve its visual appeal.
 TYPES OF DYES
Natural dyes
01 Natural dyes are dyes derived from natural sources such as
plants, animals, and minerals.

Synthetic dyes
02 Synthetic dyes are dyes that are produced artificially through
chemical synthesis.
 Direct dyes
These dyes are water-soluble and can be directly applied to the
03 fabric. They are often used for dyeing natural fibers like cotton,
wool, and silk. Direct dyes are known for their simplicity of
application but may have lower wash-fastness compared to other
types.

Disperse dyes
These dyes are primarily used for synthetic fibers like
04 polyester and acetate. They are insoluble in water but can be
dispersed in suitable carriers such as dispersing agents or
carriers during dyeing. Disperse dyes work by dyeing the
surface of the fibers.
 Reactive dyes
These dyes form a chemical bond with the fibers, usually through
05 a reactive group like chlorotriazine or vinyl sulfone. They are
commonly used for dyeing cellulosic fibers like cotton, rayon, and
linen. Reactive dyes generally offer excellent wash-fastness and
color brightness.

Acid dyes
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes used for dyeing
06 protein fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon. They work best in
an acidic pH environment and form ionic bonds with the fiber.
 Basic dyes
These are cationic dyes that are water-soluble and primarily used
07 for dyeing acrylic fibers. They have a positive charge and are
attracted to the negatively charged fibers. Basic dyes are not
widely used for natural fibers due to poor wash-fastness.

Vat dyes
Vat dyes are insoluble in water and need to be chemically
08 reduced to a soluble form before dyeing. They are commonly
used for dyeing cellulosic fibers and offer excellent wash-
fastness.
 Sulfur dyes
These dyes are used primarily for dyeing cellulosic fibers
09 like cotton. They have good wash-fastness but may have
limited color range and require special dyeing conditions.

Pigments
While not strictly dyes, pigments are insoluble colored
particles that are mechanically deposited onto the surface
10 of the substrate. They are commonly used for coloring
materials like paints, inks, and cosmetics.
 TOXICITY O F DYES
Skin Irritation: Many dyes can cause skin irritation, especially if
they come into direct contact with the skin. This can manifest as
01 redness, itching, or even allergic reactions in some individuals.

Allergic Reactions: Some people may be allergic to certain dyes,

02 leading to more severe skin reactions or even systemic allergic
responses if the dye is ingested or absorbed into the bloodstream.
 Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of dye particles or fumes
03 during manufacturing or use can cause respiratory
irritation or exacerbate existing respiratory conditions.

It's important to note that not all dyes exhibit these toxic
properties, and many are considered safe for their intended uses
when properly regulated and used in accordance with safety
guidelines. However, it's essential to be aware of potential risks
and to use caution when working with or around dyes, especially
in industrial settings where exposure levels may be higher.
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QUESTION ?
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