The document discusses the origin of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It states that approximately 13.8 billion years ago, all matter and energy in the known universe was concentrated in a single point, which rapidly expanded resulting in the formation of subatomic particles, then atoms of hydrogen and helium. Over billions of years, gravity caused matter to form stars and galaxies. Evidence for the Big Bang theory includes cosmic background radiation detected uniformly in all directions and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies, indicating the universe continues to expand.
The document discusses the origin of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It states that approximately 13.8 billion years ago, all matter and energy in the known universe was concentrated in a single point, which rapidly expanded resulting in the formation of subatomic particles, then atoms of hydrogen and helium. Over billions of years, gravity caused matter to form stars and galaxies. Evidence for the Big Bang theory includes cosmic background radiation detected uniformly in all directions and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies, indicating the universe continues to expand.
The document discusses the origin of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It states that approximately 13.8 billion years ago, all matter and energy in the known universe was concentrated in a single point, which rapidly expanded resulting in the formation of subatomic particles, then atoms of hydrogen and helium. Over billions of years, gravity caused matter to form stars and galaxies. Evidence for the Big Bang theory includes cosmic background radiation detected uniformly in all directions and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies, indicating the universe continues to expand.
space, matter, and energy in existence is called the universe! Big Bang Theory- theory to explain the formation of the universe. • About 10-15 billion years ago, all energy and matter was concentrated in a small area that started expanding with a big explosion called the BIG BANG. • The expanding, cooling universe first formed subatomic particles and finally small atoms of hydrogen and helium. • After about a billion years, matter clumped together forming stars and early galaxies, and the universe kept expanding. EVIDENCE FOR THE BIG BANG THEORY 1)Cosmic Background Radiation- • Scientist have found evidence of longwave background radiation coming from all directions in the universe. This radiation is from the Big Bang, and is evidence supporting the theory. It comes from all directions with no exact source (no star or galaxy origin). 2)Doppler Effect /Red Shift- • Each element (Hydrogen, H and Helium, He) gives off electromagnetic radiation. • This radiation can be observed by the spectrum of a star (ROYGBIV) • Since each element has a specific spectrum (fingerprint), scientists can tell what types of elements are in stars based on their spectrum. • Some of the observed spectra of stars are shifted toward the red or blue end of the spectrum. This apparent shift in wavelength is called the Doppler Effect. • This Doppler shift is caused by the motion of the object emitting the radiation. An object moving toward the Earth would have a blue Doppler shift and an object moving away from the Earth would have a red Doppler shift. • This interstellar media was first espoused by Fredrich Franz Friedman, an astrophysicist who made use of relativity.
• These claims was verified by Edwin
Hubble, he discovered the redshift of galaxies by measuring their distances from Earth through observation of the variable stars called Cepheids • Redshift the redshift-distance law of galaxies is now referred to as Hubble’s Law. • Collective light from the stars in all galaxies is shifted to the red end of the spectrum indicating the universe is expanding. • The farther away a galaxy is from Earth, the greater the red shift, indicating the rate of expansion of the universe is increasing. Galaxies • A collection of billions of stars and various amounts of gas and dust held together by gravity is called a galaxy. • There are over 100 billion galaxies. • Classified by their shape: elliptical, irregular, and spiral Our Galaxy • Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy. • The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral shaped galaxy. ACTIVITY NO.1 • Make a concept map Make a brief summary of First part your learnings. BIG BANG Discussing all the concepts found in the Second Part boxes. COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION You may use bullet type Third Part ideas, GALAXIES sentences, or concept map.