Positive insert Vs Negative insert

We define insert as positive or negative according to rake angle angle :

Rake angel(ƴ0):Is the angle between the cutting edge or tool face
and line perpendicular to work Piece.
Value of the rake angles determines:
1. cutting force
2. power requirement,
3. Tool life
4. machinability.
Negative rake angle insert :
The most common value for negative rake
angle inserts is zero .

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Stronger cutting edge 1. High shear deformation
2. Longer tool life 2. High normal force on tool
3. Suitable for old machine tools 3. More power consumption
4. Larger feed and depth of cut 4. Built up edge retention

Negative inserts are well-suited for tough materials due to their robust cutting edge and extended tool life.
However, it's important to note that the higher cutting forces associated with negative inserts result in
increased power consumption
Positive rake angle insert:
The most common values for positive rake
angle inserts are 3 ,5,7,20,25,30.

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Low power consumption 1. Weak cutting edge
2. Low cutting force 2. Lower tool life
3. Lower tendency of built-up edge formation 3. Not suitable for old machines
4. Lower cutting temperature

Positive inserts is well-suited for soft material which require sharp cutting edge and low forces like
Aluminum and it’s the most suitable for finishing process due its sharp cutting edge.
Why not exclusively utilize negative inserts for roughing operations, considering their benefits such as a
robust cutting edge, capability for large feed and depth of cut, and more?

In certain applications, negative inserts may not be suitable due to clearance limitations, especially in
processes like boring. Additionally, the elevated cutting forces associated with negative inserts could
potentially induce vibrations.