CELLULAR RESPIRATION

MYP 5
LESSON BY NEELIMA V P
 METABOLISM

Metabolism (pronounced: meh-TAB-uh-liz-um) is the chemical

reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.
Why do we need Energy?
Define Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway (Catabolic) that uses Glucose and Oxygen
to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

ATP is otherwise called energy currency.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38ATP

( Glucose + 6 Oxygen → 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + ATP )
Steps in Cellular respiration

Respiration is a series of chemical

reactions that release energy
from glucose inside cells. Be
careful that you always state that
energy is released, it is NEVER
made, produce, or created.
Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation

CYTOSOL
Krebs Cycle/Citric acid
cycle Electron Transport Chain
Mitochondria Mitochondria
Steps in Cellular respiration
Glycolysis. In glycolysis, glucose—a six-carbon sugar—undergoes a series of chemical transformations. In the
end, it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule. In these reactions,
ATP is made, and NAD+ ‍is converted to NADH‍.
•Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the mitochondrial matrix—the innermost

compartment of mitochondria. There, it’s converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A, known as
acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is generated.
•Citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes

through a cycle of reactions, ultimately regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule. ATP, NADH,FADH2
are produced and Co2 is released.
• Oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH ‍ and FADH2‍ made in other steps deposit their electrons in the

electron transport chain, turning back into their "empty" forms (NAD+‍ and FAD). As electrons move down the
chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back
into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport
chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Anaerobic -Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation.

Aerobic-The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the

citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur.
Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't
run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Site for cellular
respiration:
1. Pyruvate
oxidation- from
Cytosol to Matrix.
2. Inner
mitochondrial
membrane - Krebs
Cycle and
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
References:
https://images.app.goo.gl/2a42rAiuDhneuChq8
https://images.app.goo.gl/sEq4qvwQp4L6tJjf8
https://images.app.goo.gl/2W2k5VUVw5md7gU2A
https://images.app.goo.gl/wnNDtibjjwAYCsuQ8