Terrorism

ENGLISH PRESENTATION
Definition of Terrorism

 Terrorism is the use of violence, physical or psychological, through localized

attacks on elements or installations of a government or the governed population,
in order to instill fear, panic and, thus, obtain psychological effects that go far
beyond the circle of victims, including the rest of the territory's population. It is
used by a wide range of institutions as a way to achieve their objectives, such as
political organizations, separatist groups and even governments in power.
Example of Terrorism
 The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (sometimes referred to simply as
September 11 or 9/11) were a series of suicide attacks against the United States
coordinated by the Islamic fundamentalist organization Al-Qaeda on September
11, 2001 On the morning of that day, ten or nine terrorists hijacked four
commercial passenger planes. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the
planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York
City, killing everyone on board and many of the people who worked in the
buildings.
Other Example of Terrorism

 The Palestinian group Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip, launched a surprise
attack on Israel on October 7, killing more than 1,400 and capturing hostages.
Israel responded with a military offensive that has killed more than 8,000,
according to the Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry.
Politics causes

 Politics. Terrorism was originally theorized in the context of insurgency and

guerrilla warfare, a form of political violence organized by an army or non-state
group. Individuals, abortion clinic bombers, or groups, such as the Viet Cong in
the 1960s, can be understood as choosing terrorism when they are trying to right
what they perceive to be a social, political, or historical wrong. During the
“Troubles” in Northern Ireland, which lasted from 1968 to 1998, Catholic and
Protestant groups waged an ongoing campaign of violence against each other in
Northern Ireland and England, seeking political dominance.
Religious causes

 Religious. In the 1990s, several attacks carried out in the name of religion made
headlines. The Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo perpetrated two sarin gas
attacks on Tokyo subways in 1994 and 1995, and in the Middle East, numerous
suicide attacks since the 1980s have been celebrated as the work of Islamic
martyrs. Career terrorism experts began to argue that a new form of terrorism was
on the rise, with concepts such as martyrdom and Armageddon seen as
particularly dangerous. However, as studies and conscientious commentators have
repeatedly pointed out, such groups selectively interpret and exploit religious
concepts and texts to support terrorism. Religions themselves do not “cause”
terrorism.