Critical Thinking and Its Type

Exploring
CRITICAL READING
Messages:
STRATEGIES
Exploring Ways of Thinking and Identifying
Claims
OBJECTI
1
VES
• DIFFERENTIATE THE TYPE OF
CLAIM
• CLASSIFY STATEMENT ACCORDING TO ITS
2 TYPE;
3 • FORMULATE A STATEMENT FOR EACH TYPE

OF CLAIM
The Power of Critical
Thinking
• The careful, deliberate determination of whether
to accept, reject or suspend judgement about a
claim.
• It is an actively analyzing text to understand

different perspective.
THE IMPORTANCE OF
CRITICAL THINKING
• better decision-making
• problem-solving
• avoiding bias
• lifelong learning
SKILLS INVOLVED IN
CRITICAL THINKING
• Careful listening and reasoning
• Finding hidden assumptions
• Tracing the consequences of claims
• Determining the credibility of
source
• Analyzing and evaluating
arguments.
Which sentence do
you prefer?
• Every night I always think and
dream about you.
2. I love you so much.

CLAIM
EXPLICIT IMPLICIT
-are statement that are clearly -are statements that are not clearly
stated in the text. They are usually stated in the text, but can inferred
easy to identify because they are from the information that is
often made in the form of thesis provided. They are often more
statement or a main idea statement. difficult to identify because they
are not obvious as explicit
claims.
Every night I always think and dream
Example: I LOVE YOU
about you.
CLAIM
• central idea
• what the writer tries to prove in the text by

providing details, explanations and other type of
evidence.
• a sentence that summarizes the most important

thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his\
her thinking, reading and writing.
Characteristics of a good
1. A claim should CLAIM
be argumentative and debatable.
2. A claim should be specific and focused.
3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.
4. A claim should be logical. It should result from

reasonable weighing of support provided.
CLAIM
OF CLAIM
FACT OF
CLAI POLICY
CLAIM M
OF
VA L UE
CLAIM OF FACT
• refers to a condition has existed (past), exists (present),
or will exist (future)
• inferences made are based on data, documents,

scientific observations, and research.
Guide Question
- Did it happen?
- is it exist?
-Is it true?
- is it fact?
CLAIM OF FACT
Examples:
• the oldest known disease in the world
is leprosy.
• cancer is not contagious.
• the climate will get warmer in the next

few years because of global warming.
How to defend your Claim of fact:
• state your claim clearly.
• make sure that your evidence fulfills the

appropriate criteria.
• arrange your evidences in order to emphasize

what is most important
CLAIM OF VALUES
• Based on likes or dislikes. Good or bad.
• express opinions on worth or importance.
Examples:
1. Death penalty is unjust.
2. It is better to have loved and lost, than never

to have loved at all.
CLAIM OF VALUES
Guide Questions:
• which claims endorsed? was is good or bad?
• what qualities should be considered good? why?
• which of these values content with othersL
• which ones are more important , and why?
• whose standards are used for?
How to defend your Claim of Values:
• try to make clear that the values or principles are defending
should have a priority on any scale of values.
• Remember that you and your readers may differ about their
relative importance.
• suggest that adherence o the values you are defending will

bring about good results in some specific situations if if
respect for the value is bignored.
How to defend your Claim of Values:
• since value terms are abstract, use examples and

illustrations to clarify meanings and make
distinctions.
• comparison and contrast are helpful.
• use testimony o others to prove that knowledgeable

or highly regarded people share your values.
CLAIM OF POLICY
• argues that certain conditions should exist.
• specific and measurable actions that need to be done in order to

address issues or concerns presented in an argument.
Examples:
1.A dress code should be introduces for all
students.
2President Duterte recalled order allowing kids

aged 10 to 14 outside their homes.
How to defend your Claim of Policy:
• convince your audience that a problem exists.
• make your proposal clear to get your readers adopt your

proposal.
• establish that there is a need for a change.
• consider the opposing argument.
• support your proposal with solid data, but don’t neglect the
moral considerations and the common-sense reasons, which
may be even more persuasive.
IDENTIFY IF IT IS CLAIM OF FACT, VALUE,
POLICY
1.Winning by cheating is worse than losing honesty
2.The recent earthquake in the Philppines, in January

021, registered 7.0, on the ritcher scale.
3. Teacher are expected to retire on or before their

60th birthday.
Thanks
am e e ee eee e e
!
Conclusion
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adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi
ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Objective 1
adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Objective 2
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut
enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut
in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex
ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor
in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
Action 2
Action 1
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consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
Action 3
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do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
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laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute nostrud exercitation ullamco
commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea
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dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
Se s s i o n
a i n s t o rm
B r n s e c t e tu r a d i p i s c in g
g n
e
a
l i
a
t
l
,
i
s
q
e
u
d
a .
d
U
o
t
e t , c o l o r e m a b o r i s
r s i t a m e e t d o m c o l a
m d o l o t l a b o r o n u l l a i n
i p s u d u n t u r c i t a t i o l o r
L or e m p or i n c i d i
n o s tr u d e x e
a u te i r u r e d
a
o d t e m , q u i s t . D u i s i a t n u l l
e iu s m i m v e n i am
o c o n s e q u a
l o r e e u f u g
a d m i n m m o d l u m d o
en i m x e a c o s s e c i l
i q u i p e v e l i t e
u t a l p t a t e
nisi r it i n v o l u
p a r i a t u r .
e n d e
r e pr e h
The bes
Brillian t idea!
ti dea! More id
v e i d e a ! e a s!
C re a t i
Great id e i de a !
ea !
Aw e s om C o o l i de a !
Brainstorm
Cool idea! Creative idea! Great idea!
Solutions
1 Solution 1 3 Solution 3
2 Solution 2 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit, sed Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
labore et dolore magna aliqua. do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exercitation ullamco Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea
commodo consequat. laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
commodo consequat.
Conclusion
adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi
ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Critical Thinking and Its Type

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Critical Thinking and Its Type

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Exploring

3 • FORMULATE A STATEMENT FOR EACH TYPE

• It is an actively analyzing text to understand

2. I love you so much.

• what the writer tries to prove in the text by

• a sentence that summarizes the most important

2. A claim should be specific and focused.

3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.

4. A claim should be logical. It should result from

• inferences made are based on data, documents,

• cancer is not contagious.

• the climate will get warmer in the next

• make sure that your evidence fulfills the

• arrange your evidences in order to emphasize

2. It is better to have loved and lost, than never

• suggest that adherence o the values you are defending will

• since value terms are abstract, use examples and

• comparison and contrast are helpful.

• use testimony o others to prove that knowledgeable

• specific and measurable actions that need to be done in order to

2President Duterte recalled order allowing kids

• make your proposal clear to get your readers adopt your

• establish that there is a need for a change.

• consider the opposing argument.

2.The recent earthquake in the Philppines, in January

3. Teacher are expected to retire on or before their

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