Introduction

Pemodelan Data
Rizka Wakhidatus Sholikah
 Outline

• What is data?
• Data vs information
• What is data modeling?
• Why data modeling is important?
• A good data model

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
What is data?

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 What is data?

• Data is a raw fact that need to be process

• Data is meaningless until it process
• Data doesn’t have any specific purpose
• Example:
• 100
• 200 tickets
• Database of student admission

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data vs Information

Data Information

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data vs Information

Data

Data Processing Information

Data

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Data vs Information
Data Information
Meaning Data is raw and Carried meaning after
meaningless certain process and
Data does not have any interpretation
specific purpose

Example Iris dataset Iris dataset shows that the

features of sepal length and
sepal width has strong
correlation

Knowledge Low-level knowledge Second level of knowledge

level

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data vs Information

• Raw data must be properly formatted for storage, processing, and

presentation
• Example: to store the date and time we have to use certain format
• More complex formatting is required when working with complex
data type
• Sounds
• Videos
• Images

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data vs Information

• Data is the foundation of information

• Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key of creating a
good decision making
• The good decision making is the key to business survival in global
environment (knowledge edge)

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data Modeling

• Data modeling
• The process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem
domain
• The goal: to illustrate the type of data used and stored within the system,
the relationship among these data type, the way the data can be grouped
and organized and its formats and attributes
• Data model
• A representation of real-world data structure
• The goal is to help understanding the complexity of the real-w
environment

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Data Modeling

• Data model
• Iterative and progressive process
• Build around business needs
• Start with collecting information about business requirements and end
user
• Create model from the requirements (iterative process)
• Final data model is a “blueprint” with all the instructions to build a
database design that meet the requirements
• Play important role in supporting business process and planning IT
architecture and strategy

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
Why data model is
important?

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 The importance of data modeling

• Help developers, data architects, business analysts, and other

stakeholders to view and understand relationships among the data
• Reduce errors in software and database development
• Cost efficient
• Increase consistency in documentation and system design
• Improve performance of application and database
• Improve communication

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 A good data model

• General criteria to measure the quality of data model

• Completeness
• Nonredundancy
• Enforce of business rules
• Data reusability
• Stability and flexibility
• Elegance
• Communication
• Integration
• Conflicting objectives

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
 Completeness

• Does the model support all the necessary data?

• If there is missing record/ data, does this affect the results of the
model formed?
• The data model must meet all the requirements needed from the
end-user
• The data model represents every fact of the real world

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Nonredundancy

• The data model can not contain the same fact more than one
• Recording the same data more than once increase the amount of
space needed
• Requires extra process
• Leads to consistency problems
• Example: there is an Age column and DateOfBirth column

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Enforcement of business rules

• How accurately does the model reflect and enforce the rules that
apply to the business data?
• Data modeling should set the stage for the proper identification of
entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints.
• Data model have to reflect and enforce the policy, procedure, or
principle within a specific organization.

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Data reusability

• Will the data be reusable for another purpose someday?

• As far as possible the data should be organized independently of
any specific application

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Stability and flexibility

• How well will the model cope with possible change to the business
requirements?
• A data model is stable, if the model do not need any modification
when there is a change in requirements
• A data model is flexible, if if it can be readily extended to
accommodate likely new requirements with only minimal impact
of the existing structure

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Elegance

• Elegance model means the model that simple, consistent, and

easily described and summarized.

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Communication

• The model should support communication between stakeholder

• The common communication problems arise from high level
complexity, new concepts, and unfamiliar terminology
• A complex model consist of twenty table might overwhelm for
non-specialists, unless presented in summary form
• New concept- highly generic tables may bring stability and
elegance, but may difficult for business specialist and programmer
• Unfamiliar terminology- might be understandable for data modeler
and programmer but difficult for other stakeholder

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Integration

• How well the proposed data model fit with the existing and the
future system?
• The organization address the problem by establishing and
organization-wide architecture
• The data model have to follow the organizational standards for
data definitions, formats, and names

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Conflicting objectives

• In many cases, the above aims will conflict with one another
• An overall goal is to developed a model that provides the best
balance among these possibly conflicting objective

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

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 Performance

• Another criteria to measure the quality by checking the

performance of the system
• But the performance is different with other criteria, it depends on
the hardware and software the system runs
• Performance criteria is added after the previous criteria or when it
necessary

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER, Surabaya - Indonesia

www.its.ac.id
Thank you