TOPIC : SOURCES AND

USES OF WATER.
PRESENTED BY:
 SEHAR ALI
MEEN221101048
 RIDA ARIF
MEEN221101012
 ALEEZA AMJAD
MEEN221101033
PRESENTED TO :
Engr. Hammad Khalid
Institute of Mechanical and manufacturing
engineering
CONTENT:
1.Introduction.
2.Sources of water.
3.Uses of water.
4.Increasing of water scarcity.
5.Management, conservation and
harvesting.
6.Methodology.
7.Rain water harvesting advantages.
8.Conclusion.
1.INTRODUCTION:
 Water is made up of tiny molecules of hydrogen and
oxygen.
 Pure water has no color, no taste and doesn’t smell of
anything.
 About 70% of human body is water.
 It has to be estimated that total water contained on
earth is about 1385.5x10^6.
 Water exists in three forms on Earth.
1.INTRODUCTION
:
 97% water on Earth is a salt water.
 Only 3% water is a fresh water.
Slightly over 2/3 of this is frozen in
glaciers and polar ice caps.
 On the surface of Earth 71% is
covered by seas and oceans and
remaining 29% is occupied by land.
2.SOURCES OF FRESH WATER:
 Surface water

 Ground water

 Frozen water

 Rain water
2.SOURCES OF FRESH WATER:
SURFACE WATER:
 Surface water is the water on the surface
of the planet such as in a rivers, lakes,
streams and oceans.
 Non-saline surface is replenished by
precipitation and by recruitment from
ground water. It is lost through
evaporation, seepage into the ground
water where it becomes a ground water,
used by plants for transpiration and
extracted by mankind for agriculture,
living etc.
2.SOURCES OF FRESH WATER:
GROUND WATER:
 Ground water is the water
present beneath Earth’s
surface in rock and soil pore
spaces and in the fractures of
rock formations.
 Ground water is extracted
through open wells, tube
wells etc.
2.SOURCES OF FRESH WATER:
FROZEN WATER:
 Several schemes has been proposed
to make use of icebergs as a water
resource . The Himalayas, which are
often called “THE ROOF OF THE
WORLD” contain some of the most
expensive and rough high altitude
areas on Earth as well as the greatest
area of glaciers.
2.SOURCES OF FRESH WATER:
RAIN WATER

 Rain is liquid water in

the form of droplets
that have condensed
from atmospheric
water and then
become heavy enough
to fall under gravity.
3.USES OF WATER:
The use of water is divided into
three categories .
 Consumptive use :
Irrigation use.
 Partial consumptive use :
Domestic and industrial use etc.
 Non –consumptive use:
Hydro electric power generation,
pollution control etc.
3.USES OF WATER:
In daily life we use water for;
 Drinking
 Bathing
 Washing
 Cooking
 Transportation
 Building
 Watering plants etc.
4.INCREASING OF WATER SCARCITY:
 It is caused by over exploitation,
excessive use and unequal access to
water among different groups.
 Increasing population, intensive
industrialization
 Deforestation and mismanagement of
water resources have caused a crisis.
 Climate change.
 Natural calamities such as floods.
5.MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION AND
HARVESTING:
6.METHODOLOGY:
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
 It is a process of collecting,
conveying and storing water
from rainfall in an area for
beneficial use.
 Storage is done in tanks,
reservoirs, underground storage.
 It is neither energy –intensive nor
labor intensive.
7.RAIN WATER HARVESTING
ADVANTAGES:
 Provides self-sufficiency to water supply.
 Reduces the cost of pumping water from ground.
 Provides high quality of water, soft and low in
minerals.
 Improves the quality of ground water.
 Reduces soil erosion and flooding in urban areas.
 The rooftop rain water harvesting is less
expensive and easy to construct..
8.CONCLUSION:
 Water is a source of life, without water, the
human species would have no life.
 Water resources is everyone’s concern.
 The consumption has been increased
significantly due to population growth.
 Water availability is decreasing due human
overuse and natural degradation.
 Effective water resource management and
policy must be implemented on both local and
international levels.
RESPECT WATER TO CONSERVE EVERY DROP OF LIFE