EE8019 SMART GRID

UNIT I – INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID

Evolution of Electric Grid, Concept, Definitions and

Need for Smart Grid, Smart grid drivers, functions, opportunities,
challenges and benefits, Difference between conventional & Smart
Grid, National and International Initiatives in Smart Grid .
 ELECTRICAL GRID
• It is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from
producers to consumers.
• This interconnected network is also termed as electric grid or
power grid

Generating Transmission Distribution

Substation
Station System System
 SMART GRID
A modernized grid that enables bidirectional flows of energy and uses two-

way communication and control capabilities that will lead to an array of

new functionalities and applications.

IEEE:

Smart grid is a large ‘System of Systems’, where each functional domain

consists of three layers:

(i) the power and energy layer,

(ii) the communication layer, and

(iii) the IT/computer layer.

Layers (ii) and (iii) above are the enabling infrastructure that makes the
DOMAINS OF SMART GRID
 NEED FOR SMART GRID
• Curtail Power Theft
• Enhancement of Power Reliability
• Lack of Infrastructure
• Satisfying Power Demand
• Integrating Clean Power
• Environmental Impact
 SMART GRID DRIVERS

• Economic Competitiveness
• Customer Empowerment
• Inexorable Increases in Electricity Demand
• Global Warming
 SMART GRID FUNCTIONS
• Fault Current Limiting
• Improved Fault Protection
• Diagnosis & Notification of Equipment Condition
• Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization & Control
• Power Flow Control
• Dynamic Capability Rating
• Adaptive Protection
• Automated Feeder & Line Switching
• Automated Islanding & Reconnection
• Real-time Load Measurement & management
 CHALLENGES FOR SMART GRIDS

• Government Support
• Lack of policy and regulation
• Compatible equipment
• Capacity to absorb advanced technology
• Consumer awareness
 SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGES IN INDIA

• Power Theft
• Inadequate Grid Infrastructure
• Low Metering Efficiency
• Lack of Awareness
 BENEFITS OF SMART GRID

• Reduction in AT & C losses

• Reduction in CO2 Emission
• Enabling Energy Audit
• Reduction in Cost Billing
• Remote Load Control
COMPARSION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL GRID AND
SMART GRID
Sl.No. Smart Grid Conventional Grid
1 Two-Way Communication One-Way Communication

2 Distributed Generation Centralized Generation

3 Network Type Structure Hierarchical Type Structur
4 Self-Healing Manual Restoration
5 Extensive real time monitoring Lack of real time monitoring

6 Energy Storage No energy Storage

7 Increased customer Total control by Utility
participation
8 Sensors Throughout Few Sensors
9 Remote Check/Test Manual Check/Test
10 Extremely quick reaction time Slow Reaction time
 ADVANTAGES OF SMART GRID

• Improved Reliability

• Higher asset utilization

• Better integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

(PHEVs) and renewable energy
• Reduced operating costs for utilities

• Increased efficiency and conservation

• Lower greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions

 APPLICATION OF SMART GRID

• Smart Meters Integration

• Demand Management
• Smart Integration of Generated Energy
• Administration of Storage And Renewable Resources