101360303 :- Principles of

Ergonomics
Topic :- Structure of Human Skeleton

Roll No :- 20IH09

Nishant V Thaker
 Human Skeleton
• The Skeleton is the name given to the collection of bones that holds our
body up.
• The human skeleton consists of 206 bones. Many of which move or hinge
at joints.
• Although we Are born with 300: during childhood many of these fuse/join
together to form single Bones.
• In conjunction with over 600 muscles these bones enable the human body
to achieve a variety of movements.
 Human Skeleton (Cont’d)
• The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones
Supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage.
• It serves as a Scaffold which supports organs, anchors muscles, and protects

organs such as the brain, lungs And heart.

• The Skeleton is the name given to the collection of bones that holds our body up.
 Function of Human Skeleton
• Main functions of the human skeleton are following…
• Protect the vital organs.
• Give us shape.
• Allow us to move because our muscles are attached to our bones.
• Storage of nutrients such as calcium and silicon.
• Formation of blood cells.
• To provide a lever system against which muscles can pull.
 Function (Cont’d)
• To provide a large surface area for the attachment of muscles.
• To give support to the body.
• Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the
regulation of blood sugar(glucose) and fat deposition.
• Osteocalcin increases both the insulin secretion and sensitivity, in addition
to boosting the number of insulin-producing cells and reducing stores of
fat.
 AXIAL & APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• The bones of the body are grouped into two major divisions.
1. AXIAL SKELETON
2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
 Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton consists of the bones,
which lie around the longitudinal axis of
the body.
• These include the SKULL,
VERTEBRAL COLUMN, STERNUM
& RIBS.
• The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed
by the vertebral column (26), the Rib
cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum),
and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated
bones).
 Axial Skeleton (Cont’d)
• The axial skeleton transmits the weight from the head, the trunk, and the
upper extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints, and is
therefore responsible for the upright position of the human body.
• Most of the body weight is located in back of the spinal column which
therefore have the erectors spine muscles and a large amount of ligaments
attached to it resulting in the curved shape of the spine.
• The 366 skeletal muscles acting on the axial skeleton position the spine,
allowing for big movements in the thoracic cage for breathing and the head.
 Appendicular skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton consists of the
bones of the LIMBS, PECTORAL (shoulder)
GIRDLE, & PELVIC (hips) GIRDLE.
• The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) is
formed by the pectoral girdles (4), the upper
limbs(60), the pelvic girdle (2), and the lower
limbs (60).
• Their functions are to make locomotion
possible and to protect the major organs of
locomotion, digestion, excretion, and
reproduction.