The Development of Modern

Insect Repellants
Presented by:Jan Glenn Mar Q. Garcia
 What are insect repellents?

 Insect repellents are products that help prevent, repeal, or

mitigating pests. These can be products that we apply to our
skin or products like lanterns or candles that use a heating
mechanism to disperse repellents.

 Manufacturers design different types of insect repellents to

repel various insects. Disease-causing insects, specifically
mosquitoes and ticks, are the most common targets of insect
repellents.
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 The Development of Modern
Synthetic Insect Repellents
DMP
 Chemical formula=CH₁₀O₄
 Dimethyl Phthalate is the chemical name of DMP
 Patented in 1929 as a fly repellent
 Significant protection against scrub chiggers
 Resulted in a hot and restricted vision on head nets of
troops
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INDALONE

 Chemical formula of indalone is C₁₂H₁₈O₄

 The chemical name of Indalone is butyl-3,3- dihydro-2,2-
dimethyl-4-oxo-2H-pyran-6-carboxylate.
 Patented in 1937
 Significant protection against scrub chiggers
 Resulted in a hot and restricted vision on head nets of troops
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RUTGERS 612
 Chemical Formula=C8H18O2
 Chemical name: 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol
 It is used to kill or control external parasites that live on the skin or
fur of animals, including pets, livestock, and humans
 Available on 1939
 Voluntarily removed in USA and Canada markets showing low
lung expansion in the offspring of an exposed mammal.
 Its use in the U.S. was halted in 1991 after it was shown to cause
developmental defects in animals. 7
Because of the health risk imposed by the
chemicals present on the previous insect
repellents and even the environmental
effects of the traditional way, the industry
tried their best to formulate safer insect
repellent. So they made chemical
compositions of the commercially-
available insect repellents on the market.
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 The Development of Modern
Natural Insect Repellents
Citriodiol

• Can be extracted from lemon eucalyptus oil from the

leaves of the lemon eucalyptus tree.
• Natural occurring substance para-menthane-3, 8-diol
known as PMD
• 20%-26% PMD may be useful as 15%-20% of DEET
against mosquitoes and ticks.
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Citriodiol
• Most effective botanical insect repellent
• Can cause allergic skin reaction
• Effective against as mosquitoes, fly, gnat repellent and
also as a miticide against insects and mites.
• Chemical Formula=C₁₀H₂₀O₂

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 Citronellol and Geraniol
• Can be extracted from citronella oil- from a natural plant
obtained from the species of Cybopogon lemongrass.
• Natural occurring substance 3,7 Dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
• Available as lotion, oil, solid wax, and components of
citronella candles and flame pots.
• Has a short duration of action.
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 Citronellol and Geraniol
• 4.2% of concentration provides 1 hour of mosquito and tick
protection
• Ineffective against Asian tiger mosquitoes, flies, fleas
• Mildly irritating to the eyes and skin
• Chemical Formula Citronellol=C₁₀H₂₀O
• Chemical Formula Citronellol=C₁₀H₁₈O
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Advantages
 Provide protection against a variety of insect-borne diseases

 Insect repellents can also reduce the itching, swelling, and

discomfort associated with insect bites.

 Insect repellents are available in a variety of forms such as

sprays, lotions, and wipes, and are easy to apply to the skin or
clothing.
Disadvantages
o Contain chemicals that can be harmful to human health.

o Can also have negative impacts on the environment.

o Some people may have skin sensitivities or allergies to the

ingredients in insect repellents
Thank you!!!